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ADAT PERPATIH NEGERI SEMBILAN

<p>The Minangkabau community who inherited this custom fully believe that Datuk Perpatih Nan Sabatang, also known as Cati Bilang Pandai and advisor to Sri Maharajo Dirajo, the first ruler of Minangkabau, has created a matriliny system through the personality of the Mother. The term Adat Perpatih only started since the arrival of Islam in the 15th century, along with the existence of this custom in the regions that later formed the combination of Negeri Sembilan in the 18th century.</p><p><br></p><p>Perpatih Customs in Negeri Sembilan</p><p><br></p><p>In the 15th century the east coast of Sumatra in Indonesia was part of the Minangkabau region under the rule of the Malacca Sultanate in Malaya. Therefore, the arrival of the Minangkabau community to Malaya is a common practice. They brought in this custom which was accepted and began to develop especially in the areas of Paya Kumbuh, Batu Hampar, Tanah Datar and Seri Lemak.</p><p><br></p><p>The Perpatih custom in Negeri Sembilan and Naning is a combination of this custom that is practiced in Minangkabau with the custom of the local population and is based on Islamic law. Therefore, there is a difference in these traditional elements in those regions with those in Minangkabau which contain elements of wandering, trading or migration.</p><p><br></p><p>The Biduanda tribe is the main tribe of the 12 tribes in the Negeri Sembilan Perpatih Adat system, and can be found in any adat region or badger because this is practiced by the original population.</p><div><br></div> ...

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LAKSA KUALA KANGSAR

<p><span style="display: inline !important;">Laksa Kuala Kangsar is a traditional dish synonymous with the royal town of Kuala Kangsar in Perak. This dish is renowned for its light yet aromatic gravy, prepared using traditional ingredients passed down through generations. It is a favourite among locals and a major attraction for tourists visiting the town.</span></p><p><br></p><p></p><p>The uniqueness of Laksa Kuala Kangsar lies in its noodles, which are made from wheat flour and crafted using traditional methods with a distinctive laksa mold. They are then cooked over a wood-fired stove. Paired with gravy made from fresh fish, such as mackerel or sardines, they offer an authentic taste that continues to captivate its enthusiasts.</p><p><br></p><p><span style="display: inline !important;">The history of Laksa Kuala Kangsar is believed to trace its origins to the Malay community in the area, where it was traditionally prepared as a local dish. Renowned as a royal town, Kuala Kangsar has long served as a hub for trade and a convenient stopover point, making laksa an ideal meal for locals and visitors. Over time, this dish evolved into a culinary icon that embodies the cultural identity of Kuala Kangsar and the state of Perak.</span></p><p><br></p><p>Today, Laksa Kuala Kangsar is widely available at food stalls throughout the town, particularly along the Perak River and in the old town area. This dish symbolises the culinary heritage of the Perak community and acts as a bridge connecting tradition and taste across generations. Consequently, Laksa Kuala Kangsar is recognised as one of the most distinctive symbols of Perak's cuisine, cherished by locals and tourists.</p> ...

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UMAI

<p>Umai is a traditional dish of the Melanau community based on seafood, particularly fish and shrimp. The main ingredient for umai is raw fish for preparing fish umai, while raw shrimp is used for preparing shrimp umai. For making fish umai, the Melanau people often choose parang fish, white pomfret, empirang fish, shark, and terubok fish. Meanwhile, for shrimp umai, smaller-sized shrimp are typically the preferred choice. The fish and shrimp must be cleaned and mixed with other ingredients consisting of shallots, onions, chili, lime juice, and ginger, as well as other additional ingredients according to individual taste. If using fish as the main ingredient, the fish meat is usually thinly sliced first. The shallots, onions, garlic, chili, and ginger must be pounded and mashed to be thoroughly mixed with the sliced fish prepared earlier. Similarly, if using small shrimp as the main ingredient, the shrimp must be mixed until well-blended with the pounded or blended ingredients to add flavour to the fish and shrimp. The squeezed lime juice can provide a sour taste to enhance the deliciousness of the umai. The amount of juice needed depends on personal preference, but generally, most umai preparers choose to make it slightly spicy and tangy to taste.</p> ...

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RENDANG TOK

<p>Rendang Tok is one of the choice Perak traditional foods. This cooking was created by Perak royal family a long time ago as only they were able to afford the many expensive spices required for it. But at present, rendang tok is cooked, eaten and sold by all, and has become a popular cuisine in Kuala Kangsar.</p> ...

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ADAT RESAM DAN BUDAYA KAUM BAJAU: ADAT DAN PANTANG LARANG KEMATIAN

<p>The district of Semporna, located in eastern Sabah, is one of the areas rich in diverse and unique cultures and traditions that have been preserved to this day. The majority of the ethnic group residing in this district is the Bajau people, who possess a distinct identity compared to the Bajau community on Sabah's west coast, particularly regarding dialect, language nuances, and traditional customs. This diversity reflects Sabah's rich cultural heritage, making each district unique.</p><p><br></p><p>One of the customs and cultural practices of the Semporna community that draws attention is their funeral rituals. While essential Islamic obligations such as bathing the deceased, shrouding, and burial are performed by Islamic teachings, traditional cultural elements are still evident through the customs and taboos observed. For example, there are specific beliefs concerning the soul of the deceased and particular practices performed by the family as a final tribute.</p><p><br></p><p>These customs showcase the community's deep connection with its beliefs and illustrate how elements of religion and tradition can blend harmoniously, fostering a sense of unity. In an increasingly modern society, preserving such customs is crucial to maintaining the cultural heritage that enriches the ethnic identity.</p><div><br></div> ...

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KUIH KERIA

<p>Kuih Keria is one of the traditional Malay delicacies that is very popular in Malaysia, Indonesia, and Brunei. This snack is shaped like a donut but made from sweet potatoes and coated with palm sugar (gula melaka) or regular sugar. The name "Kuih Keria" is believed to originate from the word "keria," which refers to the circular shape of this kuih with a hole in the middle, resembling a wheel or a ring.</p><p><br></p><p>In the Malay dialect, this shape is often associated with the word "keria," meaning round or a small wheel. Kuih Keria is thought to have originated from the traditional diet of the Malay community in the past when sweet potatoes were widely used as a staple food. Sweet potatoes were often used in cooking and desserts due to their availability, affordability, and nutritional value. The recipe for Kuih Keria is said to have started as an alternative snack made with basic local ingredients, such as sweet potatoes, wheat flour, and sugar. Although its exact origins are not clearly documented, Kuih Keria has become an important part of the culinary culture of the Nusantara region.</p><p><br></p><p>Traditional Kuih Keria uses melted sugar as a coating to create a shiny, sweet glaze. This older version is commonly found in traditional markets. Later, a variation using melted palm sugar (gula melaka) was introduced, giving it a unique caramel flavor. This version is particularly famous in Melaka, especially in areas like Limbongan. The "Kuih Keria Antarabangsa Limbongan" became well-known for its special recipe, which offers a soft texture and a rich palm sugar coating.</p><div><br></div><div><div>Uniqueness of Kuih Keria Gula Melaka</div><div>•<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Uses authentic palm sugar: This provides a distinctive caramel flavor compared to regular sugar.</div><div>•<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Fragrant and rich in traditional aroma: It has become a favorite among many.</div><div>Interesting Facts About Kuih Keria</div><div>•<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Kuih Keria Antarabangsa Melaka: This stall is very popular and has become a culinary icon of Melaka.</div><div>•<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Symbol of Malaysian Street Food: Kuih Keria is often sold at night markets and street stalls, making it a crowd favorite.</div></div><div><br></div> ...

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TARIAN SI TUBAU

<p>Si Tubau is a traditional dance of the Iranun ethnic community in Sabah, who predominantly reside in the districts of Kota Belud, Kota Marudu, and Tuaran. The dance's name originates from the term "Tubau," which refers to woven cloth—a textile art that holds significant cultural value and serves as a source of pride for the Iranun people. This woven cloth is fashioned into various garments, including shirts, skirts, towels, sashes, and trousers. The term "Si Tubau" specifically alludes to Si Tukang Tenun, or the master weaver, an individual highly skilled in the art of weaving this traditional fabric. Consequently, the dance's movements are designed to emulate the motions of weaving cloth.</p> ...

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ADAT ROMBAK DAPUR BAGI WANITA SELEPAS BERSALIN

<p>Rombak Dapur is a traditional practice in Malay society, specifically related to postpartum care for mothers. It is a ritual performed at the end of the confinement period, which typically lasts between 40 to 45 days. This practice involves the "closing" of the special hearth used for berdiang (warming by the fire) or bersalai (smoke treatment), where embers that have been burning since before the mother gave birth are extinguished.</p><p><br></p><p>According to local beliefs, Rombak Dapur is performed on odd days after the confinement period, such as the 39th, 41st, or 43rd day. These odd days are believed to bring good fortune and well-being to the mother and baby. Odd days hold special significance in Malay traditions due to their perceived spiritual importance and blessings.</p><div><br></div> ...

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ADAT RESAM DAN BUDAYA MASYARAKAT MAH MERI KELAHIRAN: SEMASA MENGANDUNG

<p>The Mah Meri tribe, one of the Orang Asli groups in Malaysia, has rich and unique customs in every aspect of their lives, including birth ceremonies and baby naming. The naming process in the Mah Meri culture involves important customs that aim to safeguard the baby's well-being and protect it from the interference of evil spirits.</p><p><br></p><p>Since there are various tribes in the Mah Meri community, there are many differences in terms of way of life and language. Their culture and customs are also different and unique. The following customs show what is practiced among the Mah Meri community as a whole.</p><div><br></div> ...

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ISTIADAT PEMEGANG PUSAKA ADAT BUAPAK SUKU MUNGKAL SRI PILAH PERUT KIRI LUAK ULU MUAR

<p>The Istiadat Pemegang Pusaka Adat Buapak Suku Mungkal Sri Pilah Perut Kiri</p><p>Luak Ulu Muar is one of the significant legacies within the governance and kinship</p><p>system of the Adat Perpatih community in Negeri Sembilan. The Adat Perpatih</p><p>practiced has deep historical roots, originating from the Minangkabau culture,</p><p>which began migrating and settling in the region as early as the 12th century AD.</p><p>Chronologically, the Adat Perpatih predates the Common Law system, which only</p><p>emerged around 1066 AD in Europe.</p><p>As a matrilineal system, Adat Perpatih traces lineage through the maternal line,</p><p>forming the basis of inheritance and social groupings. The Adat Perpatih</p><p>community is organized into several main kinship groups known as suku (clans),</p><p>which are further subdivided into perut (subclans), ruang (lineages), and smaller</p><p>family units called rumpun (sublineages). Each group is led by its respective</p><p>customary leader:</p><p> Kodim – head of the sublineage (rumpun);</p><p> Besar – head of the lineage (ruang);</p><p> Buapak – head of the subclan (perut);</p><p> Lembaga – head of the clan (suku).</p><p>Within this hierarchy, the Buapak plays a vital role as the leader of the perut, a</p><p>subclan consisting of individuals descending from the same female ancestor. The</p><p>selection of the Buapak is conducted through mutual consensus among the</p><p>members of the perut, and his primary responsibilities include administering</p><p>customary affairs related to marriage, divorce, circumcision, hair-cutting</p><p>ceremonies, and other family matters. The authority of the Buapak is limited to his</p><p>perut, unlike the Lembaga, which oversees the entire clan.</p><p>Over time, the customs and rituals surrounding the selection of the Buapak have</p><p>remained a symbol of social structure preservation and the continuity of the Suku</p><p>Mungkal’s traditions under the governance of Luak Ulu Muar, Sri Pilah. Specifically,</p><p>within Luak Ulu Muar, this ceremony has been practiced since the 16th century,</p><p>reflecting the consolidation of the Adat Perpatih system in Negeri Sembilan as</p><p>adapted from Minangkabau cultural influences.</p><p>In addition to the Buapak, the institution of Ibu Soko also plays an important role,</p><p>particularly among women. The Ibu Soko is responsible for continuing the maternal</p><p>lineage, ensuring the well-being of the women within the perut, and serving as a</p><p>reference point in matters of custom and religion.</p><p>Overall, the existence of the Buapak institution in the Suku Mungkal not only</p><p>illustrates the continuity of tradition but also reflects the local wisdom of the Negeri</p><p>Sembilan community in preserving its unique cultural identity to this day.</p> ...

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TARIAN MODTOMU SUMIRID

<p>The Sumirid Dance is a traditional dance of the Kadazan-Dusun ethnic community, specifically from the Dusun Liwan sub-group in the Kundasang area of the Ranau district in Sabah. This dance has a unique history, inspired by a significant event called Modtomu. Modtomu is a gathering of village or tribal leaders to resolve disputes, address community problems, or discuss important issues within their communities.</p><p><br></p><p>Sumirid refers to movements associated with the traditional process of separating rice grains from their stalks by stomping them with the feet, an activity known as Mongogik in the Dusun language. Before the advent of rice threshing machines, Mongogik was performed manually and was an essential method in rice processing. These movements later inspired the creation of the Sumirid Dance, which serves as a form of dance and a cultural symbol that preserves the traditional practices of the Dusun Liwan community.</p><div><br></div> ...

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ADAT RESAM DAN BUDAYA KAUM ORANG SUNGAI DI PITAS - ADAT KEMATIAN

<p>The Orang Sungai community in Pitas is one of the 30 sub-ethnic groups of Orang Sungai in Sabah. They primarily reside in the Pitas district and coexist with other ethnic groups, particularly the Rungus. While most of the Orang Sungai population in Pitas practices Islam, a minority, especially within the Tambanuo sub-group, follows Christianity. Like other sub-groups, including Buludupi, Idahan, Milian, Liwago, Begahak, Bengkoka, Dewara, Dumpas, Inokang, Kuamut, Lingkabau, Mangkaak, and Paitan, the Orang Sungai community in Pitas is characterised by distinctive customs, cultural practices, beliefs, and taboos. Their cultural identity has been shaped by processes of acculturation and assimilation, particularly through the influence of animistic beliefs, especially in rituals related to death. These rich cultural traditions continue to symbolise the heritage and identity preserved by the Orang Sungai community in Pitas.</p> ...

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