ARTS AND CULTURE INFORMATION GATEWAY
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BUSANA TRADISIONAL (NGEPAN) ETNIK IBAN (UMUM)
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Introduction and history
In yesteryears, the Iban ethnic produced their attire and accessories from jungle sources. Among them are kain sirat, baju kelambi and cloth made from the bark of the tekalong tree. The sleeves are decorated with gelang rangki from snail or from the hardwood, tapang.
Silver decorations are worn on the ear lobes, neck, arm, wrist, ankle, waist, hip and on the hair. The decorations consist of earring, necklace, bracelet, ankle bracelet, belt called gesper, pin and head decoration.
Male Costume:
The Iban male costume has many ways of wearing it. The hat called ketapu is woven from hornbill feathers. Gagong is a shirt of animal fur worn on the outside, while the inner shirt called baju burong is woven either according to karap, kebat or sungkit weaving. A chain called kukung igi peria is also adorned as an accessory.
Pedang nyabur and terabai are part of the complements of the male Iban costume. Kabo is used as a decoration on the sword cover and at the waist’s side. Simpai is worn on the arm.
Female Costume:
The accessories of this costume start at the head called sugu tinggi with various variations. One of them is sugu tinggi bungai belimbing made of silver decorated with flowers. Decoration for the ears is anting pirak. On the shoulder covering the chest is called marik empang or tangu/tango, made glowing more with
tenggak/marik (pirak)/kukung igi peria. There is a necklace named kukung igi bemban.
Other accessories are lampit pirak bungai chengkih worn on the arm. Silver coins are joint to become a belt called sementing ringgit, together with sementing (silver belt).
There is also senyawir, that is chest decoration of silver coins and tree bark. Selempai is a cloth placed over the shoulder. There are two types of selampai weaving that are tenun karap and tenun sungkit. On the lower body part there is rawai made from small coils of silver worn at the hip. Tumpa is bracelet and geruncong as ankle bracelet.
For the lower part of the body there is kain sirat to cover the waist part down to the knees. This cloth is wrapped around the waist and in between the crotch. The cloth’s ends are dangled from the waist downward at the front and back parts of the wearer’s body to exhibit the decoration on the cloth. Tikai burit, that is a mat woven from rattan, is placed at the back and functions as a seat when spread out.
Reference Source
Asia. (2022). The Jewelry of Southeast Asia by Richter Anne - AbeBooks. Abebooks.com. https://www.abebooks.com/book-search/title/the-jewelry-of-southeast-asia/author/richter-anne/
Benedict, S. (1980). The Living Legends: Borneans Telling Their Tales. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Cawangan Sarawak.
Datuk Syed Ahmad Jamal. (2007). Crafts and the Visual Arts: 14 (Encyclopedia of Malaysia (Archipelago Press)): Amazon.co.uk: Jamal, Datuk Syed Ahmad: 9789813018570: Books. (2022). Amazon.co.uk. https://www.amazon.co.uk/Crafts-Visual-Encyclopedia-Malaysia-Archipelago/dp/9813018577
Tun Jugah Pua Gallery Catalogue. Yayasan Tun Jugah.
Koleksi Persendirian Jimmy Ambau, Dayak Cultural Foundation
https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngepan_Iban
Location
State JKKN Contact Information
Encik Boniface Anak Babai
Cultural Officer
Jabatan Kebudayaan dan Kesenian Negara, Sarawak
Tingkat 5 Bangunan Sultan Iskandar,
Jalan Simpang Tiga,
93000, Kuching,
SARAWAK
019-2399682/082-422006
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Tingkat 5, Bangunan Sultan Iskandar, Jalan Simpang Tiga, 93000 Kuching Sarawak




