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BANAT TAPI
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Introduction and history
The Rungus is one of the ethnics in Kudat District and Matunggong Sub-District. Apart from Sukolob, the Rungus women are also well-known for their traditional costume called Banat Tapi.
This costume doesn’t have a special terminology. Hence, the researcher gives the terminology based on the blouse and cloth/sarong as Banat Tapi. The blouse is called banat tondu and the cloth/sarong as tapi or rinugading or tinongkupan.
This traditional costume is full of beads. Previously, the Rungus women always wore this attire in their daily lives like cooking, fetching water, embroidering, and others. Nowadays, this costume is only worn during weddings, merriment, death events or in receiving guests’ arrival at the long house.
The head decorations are Titimbok, Tinimbuku and Sinsigal. Titimbok is hair bun pin made of copper or white iron. Tinimbuku is flower decoration inserted into the hair. Sisingal is a loop for hair tidiness or decoration on the forehead. The head cover refers to a hat made from cotton material called Tiningkol, while Sad’ang is a dangling decoration hooked to the back part of the hair.
This costume is completed with ear accessory like earring called Rampai. At the neck is Lintai or Tinggot made from a combination of small beads, and at the frontal and back parts are Sulau decorated with small pinacol of sea shell as locket.
The Rungus ethnic chooses black as the main colour of their attire. According to their beliefs, the colour black signifies power or of god’s colour that can protect the wearer from bad supernatural beings. However, some parties said that the usage of this colour is suited to the livelihood and natural situations at that time. The ethnic’s traditional colours are black, red, yellow and white, with white and yellow as the colours for design pattern and stripes.
This woven cloth uses motifs characterized by nature as guidelines, among them are:
Benurunsi – snail and clam.
Binongkok – characterizing frog’s image.
Binorokidung – theme of snake trail. Other terminology is Rinugading.
Binugang – resembling birds.
Binutuan – resembling the braids of tree bark.
Inansal – of fences.
Inompuling – of fish gaff.
Inugarang – resembling iguana or small lizard.
Inumpizos – resembling caterpillar.
Kinadamazam – the kadamazam fruit.
Kiambang Kiapu – wood flower.
Kinulit – theme of banana skin.
Lijawan – ferns.
Linimut – beetle’s image.
Linopung – of cobras.
Linopung do Kisorod – resembling a snake with fins.
Livato – of souls and ghosts.
Minimbayan – of cake wrappers.
Mitotorungak – of the community or group.
Monsimuung – image of spirit or animals.
Pinodkimo – clam’s shell.
Sinikuvan –of thread wheel.
Sinubung – wood measurement with something inserted in its middle.
Sinusuk Rabung – bamboo shoot.
Tinikou Sada – fish.
Tiningulun – of human shape.
Tinolutug – a square surrounded by triangle pattern.
Tinubou – theme of a peacock dance.
Tinukad - of stairs.
Vinalahan – rattan flowers (vakau).
Vinusak – jungle flowers.
Tinolutug – a square surrounded by triangle pattern.
Tinubou – theme of a peacock dance.
Tinukad - of stairs.
Vinalahan – rattan flowers (vakau).
Vinusak – jungle flowers.
Vinusak Kapok– resembling cotton flower.
This traditional attire is produced wholly by weaving using cotton known as kapok by the local residents. The cloth is weaved traditionally, known as magavol that portrays its high traditional value based on the technic of making and decorative motifs produced with elements of animal shapes, human, armament and fauna. The weaving process is the same as the weaving process of other traditional materials found in Sabah that is using the weaving equipment Kek Sandang Belakang, called babaal in the Rungus dialect.
Location
State JKKN Contact Information
Puan Nurshahrinna Syahrial
Cultural Officer
Jabatan Kebudayaan dan Kesenian Negara, Sabah
Kompleks JKKN Sabah,
Jalan Tasik off KM4 Jalan Penampang,
88200 Kota Kinabalu
SABAH
088-205070
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Jabatan Kebudayaan dan Kesenian Negara, Sabah, Kompleks JKKN Sabah, Jalan Tasik Off KM 4 Jalan Penampang, 88200 Kota Kinabalu Sabah.




