ARTS AND CULTURE INFORMATION GATEWAY
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ADAT RESAM DAN BUDAYA MASYARAKAT INDIA: PERKAHWINAN: SEBELUM MAJLIS PERKAHWINAN
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Introduction and history
Each community and ethnic group has its own special wedding customs based on their tribe and tradition. Therefore, it is not surprising that Indian society also has very unique and different marriage customs from other races.
Here is a summary and paraphrase. Purpose of the Ceremony: Every ceremony before the wedding aims to prepare the bride and family, while seeking blessings for the ceremony to go smoothly.
Spouse Selection (Arranged Marriage):
Parents and family play a big role in choosing a partner based on caste, religion, and social status.
Consent from the spouse is also required, making it a combination of tradition and modern options.
Engagement Ritual (Sagai / Mangni):
The exchange of rings between the bride and groom as a sign of commitment.
Joined by family and close friends.
Haldi / Mehndi Ceremony:
Haldi: Turmeric is applied to the bride to symbolize purity and protection.
Mehndi: Henna is used to decorate the bride's hands and feet, symbolizing love and good fortune.
Sangeet Ceremony:
Families gather to sing, dance, and celebrate with dance and song performances.
Pooja Ceremony / Thanksgiving Prayer:
Prayer to get the blessings of the gods for the smoothness of the wedding ceremony.
Performed at home or temple.
Date Selection (Muhurat):
The wedding date is chosen based on astrological studies to bring good luck to the bride and groom.
Ceremony Preparation:
The family prepares traditional clothes, hall, and invitations.
Bright colors such as red and gold are often used to symbolize prosperity.
The entire Indian wedding customs emphasize the value of togetherness and respect for tradition.
Here is a summary in point form about Indian wedding fashion and accessories:
Bridal Dress:
Sari: A long brightly colored cloth (red, gold, orange), symbolizes prosperity and fertility.
Lehenga: Long skirt with blouse (choli) and scarf (dupatta), decorated with fine embroidery and beads.
Blouse (Choli): A short blouse paired with a sari or lehenga, decorated with gold/silver embroidery.
Bridal Accessories:
Head Ornament (Maang Tikka): Worn on the forehead, a symbol of marital status.
Necklace (Mangalsutra): A black and gold necklace that symbolizes status as a wife.
Bangles: Glass or gold bracelets, symbolizing good luck.
Nose Ring (Nath): A large nose ring as a symbol of beauty and prosperity.
Earrings: Large earrings decorated with precious stones.
Henna (Mehndi): Henna patterns on hands and feet, symbolizing love and good luck.
Groom's Wear:
Sherwani: Long robe with buttons, made of silk/brocade with embroidery.
Dhoti/Kurta: A dhoti (wrap) is paired with a kurta (traditional shirt).
Turban (Turban): A turban decorated with brooches or peacock feathers, a symbol of honor.
Groom’s Accessories:
Long Necklace (Mala): A necklace of pearls or gemstones, symbolizing wealth and status.
Sword: A small sword as a symbol of strength and courage.
Traditional Shoes (Jutti): Shoes decorated with embroidery/beads, complement traditional clothing.
Refer to point 3.
PREPARE THE INVITATION CARD
Invitation cards printed and prepared based on the Hindu almanac play an important role in Indian weddings. The card is smeared with liquid turmeric powder as a symbol of harmony. If there is a mistake on the card it means that the marriage cannot be carried out smoothly. Odd numbered pieces of cards are brought to the temple for the ritual prayer or arccanai. Cards are placed on a tray with betel nuts, ringgit money, coconuts and areca nuts as a symbol of wealth. Betel nuts are given as a sign of an official wedding invitation.
PREPARATION OF THAALI/TJRUMAANGGALYAM
Thaali is draped around the neck of both the bride and groom and this ceremony is a sacred symbol of marriage. Thaali is made from a ball of white thread smeared with turmeric. The type of thaali varies according to the caste of Indian society. The preparation of thaali starts seven or nine days before the wedding ceremony takes place.
MUKUURTTA KAAL
This custom is done five days before the wedding day. A young and straight wood measuring two or three meters is provided. These stems are 20 to 30 centimeters in circumference from various types. Five married women apply liquid turmeric and kum-kum on the trunk from the base to the tip and tie fig or mango leaves to the tree using red cloth, then place it half a meter deep in the house area. Nine grains are sown on a stick and an oil lamp is lit. This custom signifies that the wedding will take place in the house. The woman's family members begged God so that the marriage could take place without any interference.
Reference Source
Bahan Bacaan:
AnyFlip (2021). Kepelbagaian Adat Resam Dan Budaya Masyarakat Malaysia. https://anyflip.com/nqyhr/zzmg/bas
Hema. (2017). Adat Resam Dan Budaya Masyarakat Malaysia. https://adatresammasyarakatmalaysia.wordpress.com/2017/02/21/first-blog-post/
Zuraiha Binti Mohd Zain Noraini Binti Sulaiman Siti Aishah Binti Othman. (2021). Adat Resam Masyarakat Malaysia. Politeknik Tuanku Sultanah Bahiyah.
https://upk.ptsb.edu.my/penerbitan/Adat_Resam_Masyarakat_Malaysia.pdf
Tokoh (jika ada temu bual tokoh) - Tiada -
Location
State JKKN Contact Information
Ahmad Zaimy bin Mohd Yusoff
Cultural Officer
Jabatan Kebudayaan dan Kesenian Negara, Selangor
Tingkat 6, Menara Korporat,
Kompleks IDCC Shah Alam
Jalan Pahat L 15/L, Seksyen 15
40200 Shah Alam,
SELANGOR DARUL EHSAN
03-5543 1654 /1763
