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Introduction and history

Bharatanatyam is an Indian classical dance from South India. Its techniques are based on the Natyashatra text, the official manual for drama, traditional music and dance in India. This text was written by Bharata Muni over 2500 years ago. An adage goes that practice makes perfect, and especially it has to be danced solo and energetically, a bharatanatyam dance learner has to practise long and hard to perfect the meaningful moves.


A bharatantyam dancer is, in a way, dancing to narrate a ‘story’ emphatically.  There are two main components of Bharatantyam: nritta and nritya. Nritta is the abstract steps of the dancer’s agility and ability at dancing.  Whereas nritya is the ’storyline’, conveyed through the dancer’s expressive and silent moves (abhinayam) of hand, eye, head, neck and body movements following the musical tunes. While the message of the dance is narrated through songs, sung by a woman. 


In more detail, abhinaya, the expressions shown by the dancer, are mukhabinaya (facial expression), hastabhinaya (hand expression; mudra), netrabhinaya (eye expression) and angikabhinaya (overall body movement). 


The moves are symmetrical, that is, when the dancer moves to the right, the same move is executed on the left. Bharatantyam dancers have a remarkable knack of moving their limbs separately. At some point, executed with great flair, they move their head or eyes while other body parts remain motionless.


Functions and Roles

Bharatanatyam functions in Hindu religious events.  It is also staged at culture and arts public occasions of the government and private sectors. 

Traditional Attire/ Accessories

A bharatanatyam dancer dazzles in a display of colours and accessories.  Exquisite sarees, ringing anklets with bells on both legs, the salangai or ghungroos, are the signature of the dance. Other than that, bait suci, the long necklaces and intricate gold bracelets are donned. She also wears earrings, nose rings and head accessories such as nethi chutti or maang tikka.  The nethi chutti and maan tikka are worn in the middle of the head, flowing down to the forehead. A pottu or bindi, a traditional accessory in the form of a coloured dot, prettily worn on the forehead and heavy makeup done on the eyes and eyebrows. 

Equipment/ Ingredients

The musical instruments required are, namely, mridangam, nattuvangam, serunai (a type of aerophone) and violins. The mridangam is a barrel shaped double-sided drum, a membranophone. However, at present, the background music is pre-recorded.

Figures and Achievements

1. Mrs. Srimathi Malar


A well-known Bharatanatyam dance choreographer in the Wilayah Persekutuan of Kuala Lumpur is Mrs. Srimathi Malar. She formed Hari Ayer Dance School in 1948 and later Sivadas-Vatsala Dance Troupe in 1952. Mrs. Malar became one of the founding members of the Temple of Fine Arts. Her vocation in dance lasted more than five decades by performing actively in Kuala Lumpur, Perth, Sydney, Melbourne London, Helsinki, Chicago, Dublin, India, Sri Lanka, Japan and Singapore. Currently she is serving as senior dance director at the Temple of Fine Arts. 


2. Mrs. Indira Manikam


Mrs. Indira Manikam, also known as Nattuva Thilagam, is another eminent figure of Malaysian Indian classical dance. She’s contributed widely to the development of Malaysian youth through cultural activities. 


Dancing the Bharatanatyam in 1966, and forming the Tanjai Kamalaa School of Dance, she taught all, regardless of age, skin color or religion.  The school proceeded to become one of the central Bharatanatyam schools. For over 58 years, she’s held many dance shows for charity.  She mustered Malaysian dance teachers by establishing the Malaysian Bharatanatyam Dance Association in 2008. 



Awarded with many titles in Malaysia and India.  On 22nd October 2023, she received the highest state award, Kuala Lumpur Federal Territory State Cultural Figure Award 2023 at the World Trade Center, Kuala Lumpur. 


Reference Source

  1. Bahan Bacaan

·         Di Sebalik Tarian Klasik Bharatanatyam - Kata Malaysia

https://katamalaysia.my/culture/di-sebalik-tarian-klasik-bharatanatyam/

·         Bharatanatyam,Tarian Tradisional Tamil

https://uthayasb.blogspot.com/2010/05/bharatanatyam.html

·         Jurnal Sejarah Lisan Malaysia: Menjejaki Seni Tarian Suku Kaum Masyarakat India: Tarian Bharatanatyam

·https://jslim.uitm.edu.my/pdf/IK16.pdf

·         Buku Siri Adat dan Budaya Kaum Utama India oleh Maruwiah Ahmat terbitan Seremban: Goodwill Publications

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