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SAZAU PAPAR
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Introduction and history
Sazau is a traditional dance inherited by the Kadazan-Dusun ethnic community from the Papar district, which is mostly inhabited by the Dusun Papar ethnic tribe. The name ‘Sazau’ means ‘dancing’ where this terminology is often associated with words from the act of dancing such as ‘Kasasaazau’ (just dancing), ‘Kasazau’ (able to dance), ‘Kopisazau’ (can dance together), ‘Nakasazau’ (dancing together with), ‘Nokopisazau’ (have danced together with) and ‘Sansazau-Sazau’ (all are dancing) (Kadazan Dusun Malay-English Dictionary, 1995).
The history of Sazau is closely linked to the agricultural life and agrarian culture of the Dusun community in the Papar district. This dance is a symbol of a local culture rich in traditional values, reflecting the lifestyle of the community that lives in harmony with the environment. As a sign of favor and gratitude, this dance is performed in all traditional ceremonies, especially in the Madsuwau Ceremony, the Monogit Ceremony and the Gumazad Ceremony. In addition, it is also often performed in traditional festivals and social gatherings.
In the early stages, the function and role of the Sazau dance were performed in various traditional ceremonies that were important to the Dusun Papar ethnic tribe. Among them were:
1. Madsuwau Ceremony - a ceremony to worship the spirit of Dapu or Tajau (the urn), which is believed to require protection, worshipped and given food and drink so that the spirit can provide universal peace and protection.
2. Monogit Ceremony - A ceremony to pay sogit (compensation) to the rice spirit who was injured while removing weeds from the rice field or rice field. This ceremony is conducted by seven bobohizan. Once the recitation of Rinait is finished, all the bobohizan will dance together.
3. Gumazad ceremony - held to drive away ghosts from a new house that its occupants will live in.
However, now, the function of Sazau has expanded from just a traditional dance to performances in various cultural events and official ceremonies. This dance is often performed in festivals such as the Harvest Festival, which is the largest harvest festival in Sabah. In addition, Sazau is also performed at official government and cultural events as a way to promote Sabah culture nationally and internationally.
Female dancers will wear traditional Dusun Papar ethnic clothing, which is a long-sleeved black shirt called 'Sia' with a white inner layer called 'Sia Id Sahom'. This shirt will be matched with 'Gonob', a short skirt measuring up to the knee. The uniqueness of this traditional dress lies in the head decoration, which uses a trigonometric-shaped hat known as 'Siung'. Before that, the dancer will wear a headband before wearing the hat, which is 'Soundung', in the form of cloth to cover and tidy the female dancer's hair. The accessory used is a silver belt like a coin, known as 'Rupia' or 'Lupia'. On the other hand, dancers will usually wear 'Bolilit', which is a bracelet made of silver or thin metal.
For male dancers, the clothes they wear are also known as ‘Sia’, complete with long pants called ‘Souva’. This clothing is also equipped with a headscarf called ‘Sigal’. Additional accessories for male dancers are long scarves known as ‘Sandai’, which are placed around the male dancer’s neck.
Typically, Sazau is performed by male and female dancers in pairs, accompanied by an ensemble of traditional musical instruments such as Gong, Gendang and Kulintangan. The performance will also feature the sound of Pangkis (a shout from one of the male dancers to change position and floor pattern).
Sazau dance is often performed in pairs, with male and female dancers dancing together. Both dancers begin the dance with soft and slow movements in harmony with the beating of the gong that accompanies their performance. One of the most noticeable styles in this dance is the mengambai movement, in which the dancer raises and opens both hands like a flying swallow. This movement gives the impression of softness and tranquillity, reflecting peace and harmony with nature.
Another unique feature of Sazau is the movement of the female dancer's feet. The dancer's heels meet heels, while the big toes meet thumbs, creating a delicate and distinctive movement. These foot movements seem to resemble someone threshing rice from its stalks, adding to the agricultural element of this dance. The rhythm of this dance is usually brisk, but the dancer's hand movements remain soft and graceful, adding an interesting contrast between the movements of the hands and feet.
Suhaimi Magi. (61 tahun). Kampung Ulu Tomani, 89907 Tenom, Sabah
Nor Syafiqah Yahya. (29 tahun). Persatuan Seni tari Keningau, 89900 Keningau, Sabah. 8 Oktober 2024.
Reference Source
Kitingan J., P. (2012). Siri etnik Sabah ITBM-UMS: Kadazan Dusun. Institut Terjemahan Buku Malaysia.
Orlando Devinci. (2024). Strategi Pelestarian Tarian Sazau Kujau oleh Persatuan Dusun Kujau Sabah (PDKS) Dalam Mempertahankan Budaya Etnik Di Sabah [Poster].
Location
State JKKN Contact Information
Encik Hassanal Redzuan
Cultural Officer
Jabatan Kebudayaan dan Kesenian Negara, Sabah
Kompleks JKKN Sabah,
Jalan Tasik off KM4 Jalan Penampang,
88200 Kota Kinabalu
SABAH
088-205070