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TARIAN WAYANG KULIT PURWO
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Introduction and history
Wayang Kulit Purwo, also known as Wayang Kulit Jawa, is a form of traditional shadow puppet theatre originating from Java, Indonesia, and brought to Malaysia by Javanese migrant communities. This performance art uses intricately carved leather puppets to depict characters from Hindu epics such as the Mahabharata and Ramayana, as well as Panji stories.
Believed to have originated in Java over 1,500 years BCE, Wayang Kulit Purwo was created by Javanese ancestors for ritualistic purposes. In Malaysia, it was introduced by Javanese communities migrating to states like Johor and Selangor. The performance retains many traditional Javanese elements, including the language and gamelan music.
Wayang Kulit Purwo serves as a medium for entertainment, education, and the dissemination of moral values. It is often performed during religious ceremonies, festivals, and communal celebrations. Additionally, it plays a role in strengthening the cultural identity of the Javanese community in Malaysia and preserving their artistic heritage.
In Wayang Kulit Purwo, the focus on costumes and accessories lies primarily with the puppets. These puppets are intricately designed to reflect traditional Javanese attire, including crowns, batik fabrics, and golden ornaments. Each character is distinguished by unique costume details that align with their role and status in the narrative.
Key components in Wayang Kulit Purwo performances include:
Puppets: Made from finely carved and painted cow or buffalo hide, showcasing vibrant colours.
Screen (Kelir): A white screen used as the backdrop for the shadow projections.
Blencong Lamp: A light source positioned behind the screen to create the puppet shadows.
Gamelan Instruments: Including the gong agong, gong suwukan, gambang, kempul, kenong, gonder, slentem, saron, peking, kompang, rebab, and drums.
Preparing for a Wayang Kulit Purwo performance involves:
Puppet Crafting: Puppets are carved from leather, painted, and mounted on wooden sticks for manipulation.
Screen and Lamp Setup: The screen is erected, with the blencong lamp placed behind to cast shadows.
Gamelan Arrangement: Musical instruments are arranged around the dalang (puppet master) to accompany the performance.
During the performance, the dalang sits behind the screen and manipulates the puppets while narrating the story. The dalang voices all characters, controls dialogues, and uses the puppets to enact dramatic movements. The gamelan orchestra enhances the atmosphere and emotions of the narrative.
In Malaysia, individuals such as the late Abdul Majid bin Md Noh played a crucial role in popularising Wayang Kulit Purwo. His troupe, Wayang Kulit Seri Asun, was frequently featured on television and invited to international events in countries like Japan and Thailand. Their efforts have significantly contributed to the preservation and global promotion of this traditional art form.
Reference Source
Bahan Bacaan
Widagdo, J. (2018). Struktur Wajah, Aksesoris serta Pakaian Wayang Kulit Purwo. SULUH: Jurnal Seni Desain Budaya, 1(1), 34-56.
Md Salleh, S. (1989). Wayang kulit Purwo di Batu Pahat: Peredaran zaman menentukan budaya rakyat (Projek pelajar tidak diterbitkan). Universiti Teknologi MARA. Dicapai daripada https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/70788/
Farhaan Shah, M. (2023, 14 Mei). Arts thrive in the hands of wayang kulit puppeteer. The Star. Dicapai pada 18 Disember 2024, daripada https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2023/05/14/arts-thrive-in-the-hands-of-wayang-kulit-puppeteer
Buletin TV9. (2023, 29 April). Dua Beranak Berjuang Martabat Seni Wayang Kulit Purwo [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4e0bD7vxghM
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State JKKN Contact Information
Cultural Officer