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Introduction and history

Zapin Tenglu originates from Kampung Tenglu, Mersing, Johor, and was initially performed exclusively by male dancers. Performances typically took place after Isyak prayers and continued into the early hours of the morning, reflecting its role as a form of communal entertainment. The traditional music accompanying this dance often features the song Faridzal-Ham, a classic composition.


The involvement of women in Zapin Tenglu began in 1952 when the late Hajah Hapsah binti Mohamad, then a 14-year-old, learned and performed Zapin Tenglu alongside male dancers. Her determination and pioneering efforts paved the way for women's participation in this art form. Hajah Hapsah continued to play an active role in Zapin Tenglu after her marriage in 1962, solidifying her position as a key figure in the evolution of zapin dance in Johor.


Functions and Roles

Initially, Zapin Tenglu served as entertainment following religious activities, such as Isyak prayers and tahlil gatherings. It strengthened social bonds within the community and provided an outlet for the expression of traditional cultural values. After 1992, through the efforts of Hajah Hapsah binti Mohamad, Zapin Tenglu evolved into a staged art form performed at cultural events across Johor, ensuring its preservation for future generations.


Traditional Attire/ Accessories

Male dancers wear the traditional baju Melayu Teluk Belanga complete with samping and songkok, representing the elegance and identity of Malay heritage. Female dancers don baju kurung Teluk Belanga, accessorised with necklaces, dokoh (ornamental brooches), and a kain dagang draped in the traditional style. Costume colours are typically coordinated to create visual harmony, while the songkok and samping worn by male dancers symbolise the beauty of Johor’s customs and traditions.


Equipment/ Ingredients

The musical accompaniment for Zapin Tenglu features:

Gambus: The primary instrument providing melody.

Marwas: Small drums that deliver dynamic rhythm.


Method / Preparation Method / Presentation Method

The performance of Zapin Tenglu involves meticulous preparation, including:

Dancers and Musicians’ Rehearsals: Intensive training sessions are conducted to synchronise dance movements with the music’s rhythm.

Costume and Accessory Preparation: Ensuring that all attire and accessories align with the theme of the performance.

Performance Execution: The dancers begin their movements to the rhythm of Faridzal-Ham, showcasing precise coordination and style. The performance highlights the energetic and dynamic beauty of traditional dance.


Figures and Achievements

The late Hajah Hapsah binti Mohamad was a pivotal figure in the development of Zapin Tenglu. As the first woman to learn and perform Zapin Tenglu alongside men in Kampung Tenglu, she pioneered the involvement of women in this art form. As an adiguru (master teacher) of Zapin Tenglu, Hajah Hapsah actively promoted this art throughout Johor from 1992 until her passing in 2006. Her dedication ensured that Zapin Tenglu is recognised as one of Johor's significant cultural heritage dances.

Reference Source

Bahan Bacaan

Nusantara Performing Arts Research Center. (2022, 31 Januari). Siri Pengabsahan Zapin Johor - Zapin Tenglu [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nKe6gGsjiSk

Noliza binti Salleh & Mohd Rizal bin Sheikh. (Temu bual, Disember 2021).

Nor Azman, N. H., & Mohd Ali, N. (2024). Exploring some mathematical pattern in Zapin Pat Lipat and Zapin Tenglu Pak Akob. Proceedings of Science and Mathematics, 23, 1–7. Dicapai daripada https://science.utm.my/procscimath/wp-content/uploads/sites/605/2024/09/1-7-NUR-HANANI-BINTI-NOR-AZMAN-A20SC0245.pdf

Tokoh: Allahyarhamah Hajah Hapsah binti Mohamad


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Puan Norazlina binti Othman

Cultural Officer

Jabatan Kebudayaan dan Kesenian Negara, Johor
Aras 6 Kiri, Wisma PERKESO No 26, Jalan Susur 5 Off Jalan Tun Abdul Razak, Larkin 80200 Johor Bahru JOHOR DARUL TAKZIM

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