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KOMPANG (PAHANG)

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Introduction and history

Kompang is one of the most iconic traditional musical instruments closely associated with Malay culture, including in the state of Pahang. This instrument is not only played to accompany special events, but it also reflects the rich artistic heritage and traditions of the Malay community. Below is the history and background of Kompang in Pahang:

Origins of Kompang

Arab Influence

Kompang is believed to have been introduced by Arab traders and Islamic preachers in the 13th or 14th century through maritime trade in the Nusantara region.

The name "kompang" is thought to have originated from the Arabic word "darbuka," which refers to a percussion instrument that is struck.

Spread in the Malay World

Kompang became integrated into Malay traditions following the arrival of Islam. It was used to welcome Islamic preachers, in religious ceremonies, and during traditional events.

In Pahang, kompang has been used in various ceremonies since the time of the Malacca Sultanate (15th century), which also influenced Pahang’s cultural practices.

Local Adaptation

Although it originated from the Middle East, the shape, playing style, and rhythm of kompang have been adapted to local culture.

In Pahang, kompang is played with distinctive rhythms and styles, reflecting the identity and heritage of the local Malay community.

Functions and Roles

Kompang is a traditional musical instrument that plays an important role in the social and cultural life of the Malay community, including in Pahang. It is not only a musical instrument but also a symbol of tradition in various aspects of life. Below are some of the key functions of Kompang in Pahang:

1. Wedding Ceremonies

Welcoming the Bride and Groom

Kompang is played to welcome the bride and groom during wedding ceremonies. It accompanies the wedding procession as the couple moves from their home to the wedding venue, whether in a hall or mosque.

The sound of kompang creates a joyful and festive atmosphere, while also signifying respect for the newlyweds.

During the Wedding Reception (Majlis Persandingan)

Besides welcoming the couple, kompang is also played throughout the wedding reception as a symbol of blessings and happiness for the marriage.

2. Cultural and Social Gatherings

Festivals and Feasts (Pesta & Kenduri)

Kompang is one of the most commonly played instruments during village festivals and feasts in Pahang. It is used to accompany dances, singing, and traditional performances.

Official Ceremonies and Welcoming Events

Kompang is also played during official events to welcome distinguished guests, including the Sultan or state dignitaries.

It serves as a symbol of honor and respect, ensuring that guests are greeted with traditional and ceremonial customs.

3. Symbol of Unity and Cooperation

Playing Kompang in Groups

Kompang performances are usually conducted in large groups, requiring coordination and harmony among players. This reflects the values of cooperation and teamwork, which are highly valued in Pahang’s society.

Through kompang performances, players learn to work as a team, strengthening social bonds and fostering unity within the community.

Traditional Attire/ Accessories

Traditional Attire for Male Kompang Players

Baju Melayu

Male kompang players in Pahang typically wear Baju Melayu, which is the traditional Malay outfit.

This attire is made from cotton or satin fabric and is usually in colors such as white, black, brown, or brighter shades like blue or red, adding vibrancy to the performance.

The Baju Melayu is complemented with either three-button or five-button fastenings and styled with either a rolled collar or cekak musang (raised collar) design.

Kain Sarung

Kain sarung is worn around the waist, usually in darker shades like black, brown, or blue, featuring traditional selendang or peminang motifs.

The sarung is decorated with batik patterns or stripes, reflecting the artistic elements of Malay traditional clothing.

Songkok or Tengkolok

In Pahang, kompang players often wear a black songkok or a tengkolok (traditional headgear) as a part of their ensemble.

The tengkolok is sometimes styled with a gold or silver headband, giving it a formal and elegant appearance.

Trousers (Seluar)

Long trousers are typically worn, either in black or white, and are made from comfortable materials to ensure ease of movement during performances.

Equipment/ Ingredients

Method / Preparation Method / Presentation Method

1. Wood (Kompang Frame)

Type of Wood: The frame of kompang is typically made from meranti, cengal, teak, or other hardwoods that are durable and strong. The wood must be sturdy enough to withstand the impact when the kompang is played.

Function of Wood: The wood is used to form the frame or structure of the kompang, providing support and stability to ensure it functions well and produces clear sounds. The frame is usually round or oval, depending on the size and purpose of the kompang.

2. Skin (Kompang Surface)

Type of Skin: The playing surface of the kompang is covered with goat skin, cowhide, or sometimes buffalo hide. Goat skin is the most commonly used because it is widely available and produces a sharper, clearer sound.

Preparation of the Skin: The skin must be cleaned, soaked, and treated properly before being fitted onto the kompang frame. This step is crucial to ensure the skin is durable and produces a high-quality sound.

Function of the Skin: The tightness of the skin affects the tone and clarity of the kompang. A well-stretched skin surface will create a sharp, clear sound when struck.

3. Thread or Rope (Skin Attachment to Frame)

Type of Thread/Rope: The skin is attached to the frame using strong nylon ropes or cotton threads, ensuring durability and longevity.

Function of Thread/Rope: The ropes or threads are used to stretch the skin tightly over the frame, securing it in place. Proper tension is essential to maintain sound quality and resonance when the kompang is played.

4. Glue or Adhesive (Skin Attachment to Frame)

Type of Glue: In some cases, special adhesives or wood glue are used to help attach the skin to the kompang frame securely.

Function of Glue/Adhesive: The glue ensures that the skin remains firmly attached to the frame, preventing it from becoming loose during use. A poorly secured skin may result in distorted or unclear sound production.

Figures and Achievements