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Evolution in Shape and Craftsmanship

Originally, Gendang Pahang was crafted from natural materials, such as hardwood and animal skin (usually goat or cowhide). The making of these drums was a traditional craft, requiring the expertise of woodcarvers and musical instrument makers. However, over time, several changes have occurred in the materials and techniques used:

Modern Materials: With the advancement of technology, some craftsmen have started using synthetic or plastic materials to replace animal skin. This helps to reduce costs and simplify the production process.

Design and Carvings: Traditional Gendang Pahang was often intricately hand-carved with fine details. Today, some designs have become more standardized and modern. However, certain artisans continue to preserve traditional carving methods to maintain the artistic and cultural value of the instrument.

Playing Techniques for Gendang Pahang

Playing Gendang Pahang requires skill and specific techniques to create a harmonious rhythm that suits its performance context. Similar to other traditional Malay drums, Gendang Pahang is played by striking its surface using hands or mallets (sticks). Below is a guide on how to play Gendang Pahang effectively:

1. Positioning the Gendang Pahang

Gendang Pahang is typically played in pairs, consisting of one large drum and one smaller drum, where positioning is essential to create balanced sounds.

Gendang Besar (Large Drum) – Usually played with the right hand, producing a deep and powerful sound.

Gendang Kecil (Small Drum) – Typically played with the left hand, generating a lighter and faster rhythm.

2. Holding the Gendang

Holding the Drum Firmly: Ensure the drum is placed in a stable position, either on a flat surface or on the lap. In some cases, Gendang Pahang can also be played while standing or sitting cross-legged.

Hand Positioning: The hands should be relaxed yet firm, ensuring clear and resonant sounds. The right hand (for the large drum) applies stronger pressure, while the left hand (for the small drum) creates softer strikes.

3. Striking Techniques

Hand Striking:

Open-hand technique – The hand should be slightly curved to create a resonant sound.

Heavy Strike (Bass Sound) – For a deep, powerful sound on the large drum, use the thumb or palm with added pressure.

Light Strike (High-Pitched Sound) – For a lighter, higher-pitched sound on the small drum, use fingertips or the index finger with a gentle touch.

Using Sticks:

Some drummers use sticks (mallets) to create louder and sharper beats.

The sticks are usually made of light yet durable wood, enhancing sound control and precision.

4. Types of Drum Strokes

There are several common drumming strokes used in Gendang Pahang performances:

Flat Strike (Pukulan Datar): Hitting the drumhead evenly using the palm or fingers.

Edge Strike (Pukulan Tepi): Striking the drum’s edge to produce a higher-pitched sound.

Alternating Strikes (Pukulan Selang-Seling): Playing in alternating beats between the large and small drums, following a set rhythm.

Fast Strike (Pukulan Pantas): Used to create rapid, energetic rhythms, commonly found in dynamic performances.

Slow Strike (Pukulan Lambat): Creates a dramatic effect, often used to introduce or highlight moments in a performance.

5. Mastering Rhythm (Tempo and Timing)

In Gendang Pahang performances, rhythm and tempo are the key elements in producing a harmonious sound. Players must adjust their drumming strokes according to the tempo of the song or traditional performance being played. Gendang Pahang is frequently used in traditional performances such as Mak Yong, Kuda Kepang, and Dikir Barat, where its rhythmic beats synchronize with other musical instruments and serve as a guiding element for the entire ensemble.

6. Practice and Repetition

Like any traditional musical instrument, practice is essential in mastering the techniques of playing Gendang Pahang. Drummers must train consistently to develop an understanding of rhythm, adjust tempo, and synchronize their beats with other instruments in an ensemble.

Regular practice also helps in building hand endurance and improving control over pressure and striking techniques, ensuring that the sound produced remains consistent and harmonious.

7. Role of Gendang Pahang in Performances

Rhythm Keeper: In traditional performances, Gendang Pahang plays a crucial role in setting the overall rhythm, ensuring synchronization with other musical instruments such as the serunai, rebana, or sape.

Leader of the Ensemble: At times, the drummer takes on the role of a leader, providing cues to other musicians, signaling tempo changes or marking transitions within a performance.

Creating Atmosphere: Gendang Pahang is also used to set the mood for various ceremonies, such as weddings, cultural festivals, or celebrations. The intensity or softness of the beats can create different emotions and ambiance, depending on the occasion.

8. Coordination Between Large and Small Drums

Both drums (large and small) complement each other in a performance.

The large drum (Gendang Besar) provides a strong, grounding rhythm, while the small drum (Gendang Kecil) adds faster, decorative beats, creating a layered and engaging rhythm.

Conclusion

Playing Gendang Pahang requires a deep understanding of drumming techniques, rhythm control, and adaptability to different performance styles. Mastery of this traditional drum involves dedication, practice, and respect for Malay cultural heritage. A skilled drummer can create harmonious beats that bring life and energy to traditional performances, ceremonies, and celebrations.

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