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ADAT RESAM DAN BUDAYA MASYARAKAT MELAYU: PERANAN JURAGAN
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Introduction and history
The term juragan in Malay culture refers to an individual who holds a specific status or position, usually in the economic and social spheres. In Malay tradition, the juragan plays a crucial role in trade, agriculture, and fisheries, as well as in managing matters related to community welfare. The role of a juragan is significant, particularly in economic resource management, maintaining social harmony, and preserving inherited customs and traditions.
The origins of the juragan's role in Malay society can be traced back to the era of the Malay sultanates, when the economy was heavily reliant on agriculture, trade, and fisheries. During that time, a juragan was often a person with economic capability, significant influence in society, and leadership in specific activities. They were primarily responsible for managing resources, especially in agriculture, such as rice cultivation and coconut plantations, or in the trade sector.
In traditional Malay society, a juragan could also refer to an individual who owned farms, boats, or trading vessels. They were responsible for managing workers, ensuring their welfare, and playing a key role in sustaining economic activities. Additionally, juragans were often regarded as benefactors to the community, contributing to social development and communal well-being.
1. Economic and Social Leader
As an influential figure in economic affairs, the juragan is responsible for managing resources such as land, agricultural produce, and business ventures. A juragan often serves as the head of an extended family or community group, ensuring the welfare of workers and the society involved in their endeavors.
A juragan also plays a key role in arranging marriages within families and communities, as well as resolving social disputes that arise among members of society.
2. Manager of Economic Activities
In economic activities, the juragan acts as a bridge between the community and their economic ventures. For example, a juragan who owns a rice field will manage harvests, provide jobs for farmers, and sell the produce at markets. They lead workers and ensure that everyone benefits from their enterprise.
Additionally, they may lend money or provide tools to those in need and offer jobs to less fortunate individuals, helping them to sustain a livelihood.
3. Preserver of Tradition and Customs
As a respected figure, the juragan plays a vital role in preserving and upholding Malay traditions and customs. In traditional ceremonies such as weddings, circumcisions, and festive celebrations, the juragan is often invited to give blessings or lead the event.
They also serve as mentors, passing down advice and guidance to the younger generation on traditional values, customs, and societal norms that must be upheld in Malay culture.
4. Mediator in Community Conflicts
The juragan is often regarded as a wise and respected figure within society. As a result, they serve as a mediator in resolving conflicts within the community. In cases such as land disputes or family disagreements, the juragan strives to find a fair and just solution for all parties involved.
Furthermore, they play a role in providing moral and ethical guidance, ensuring that positive customs and traditions are upheld within the community.
5. Role in Religious and Spiritual Matters
The juragan also plays an important role in the religious life of the Malay community. They often encourage the community to practice religious teachings and support spiritual gatherings such as congregational prayers, tahlil recitations, and other religious ceremonies.
In some cases, the juragan also serves as a philanthropist, contributing to the construction of mosques, prayer halls (surau), and religious schools, ensuring that the community has access to proper religious facilities and education.
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Reference Source
Bahan Bacaan
Ahmad, A. (2012). Adat dan Budaya Melayu: Pengaruh dan Kelangsungan Tradisi dalam Masyarakat Kontemporari. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Ismail, H. (2008). Adat Resam Melayu dan Peranannya dalam Masyarakat. Kuala Lumpur: Penerbit Universiti Malaya.
Bakar, H. (2015). Masyarakat Melayu: Tradisi, Kepercayaan, dan Adat Resam. Johor Bahru: Pustaka Negeri Johor.
Abdullah, M. (2017). Peranan Juragan dalam Masyarakat Melayu: Pemimpin Ekonomi dan Sosial. Melaka: Melaka Press.
Location
State JKKN Contact Information
Puan Norlelah Abd Karim
Cultural Officer
Jabatan Kebudayaan dan Kesenian Negara, Pahang
Kompleks JKKN Pahang
Lot 57100, Jalan Teluk Sisek,
25000, Kuantan,
Pahang Darul Makmur
09-517 8466
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