ARTS AND CULTURE INFORMATION GATEWAY
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ADAT RESAM DAN BUDAYA MASYARAKAT CINA: SEMASA DAN SELEPAS DIKEBUMIKAN
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Introduction and history
Chinese funeral customs are rich in traditional elements, philosophy, and the influence of Taoism, Confucianism, and Buddhism. This ritual symbolizes respect for the deceased and aims to ensure that their souls are safe in the afterlife.
Taoism: Emphasizes the balance between the world and the afterlife through rituals aimed at protecting the spirit of the deceased. Confucianism: Promotes respect for ancestors and family. Buddhism: Aims to free the souls of the dead from suffering and guide them to a better world. This combination of beliefs makes burial an important part of Chinese culture.
Respect for the Dead: Burials are done in order to honor the spirits of the dead so that they can continue their journey in peace.
Spirit release: Ceremonies such as burning paper money are done to prepare the needs of the deceased in the afterlife.
Avoiding Bad Luck: The family observes taboos such as wearing white clothes for mourning and placing food on the altar to honor the spirits.
Maintaining Family Relationships: Through funeral customs, families show love and respect to the deceased, maintaining family harmony.
Post-Funeral Roles:
Memorial Ceremonies: Ceremonies such as Qing Ming (Grave Washing Festival) are conducted to honor the spirits of the deceased and ensure they are remembered.
Honoring the Ancestors: The practice of praying at the family altar is done to maintain a relationship with the spirits of the ancestors, who are believed to guard the well-being of the family.
Family Safety: Customs such as ceremonies on the 7th day after the funeral are held to ensure that the spirit of the deceased does not bring bad luck to the family.
Maintaining Spirit Harmony: Symbolic offerings of food and drink are made to ensure the spirits feel at peace and continue to protect the descendants.
Clothing and accessories during and after a funeral in Chinese society play an important role as a symbol of respect, grief, and taboo.
1. Funeral Dress:
White Color: Symbolizes sadness and death, worn by close family members.
Coarse Cloth Mourning Shirt: Used by family members as a symbol of mourning.
Cloth Caps for Men and Mourning Clothes for Women: Men wear a white cap, women wear a long cloth and veil as a mark of respect.
2. Accessories During Funeral:
Mourning Cloth Tie: White cloth on the arm or head as a sign of mourning.
Mourning Rings and Bracelets: Simple accessories for symbols of simplicity and respect.
White Shoelace: Protects the family from bad luck.
3. Clothing and Accessories After the Funeral:
Dark Clothing: Dark colors symbolize continuous mourning.
Declining Mourning Clothing: Coarse clothing is changed to finer ones as the mourning period draws to a close.
Minimal Accessories: Only modest accessories are worn after the funeral.
4. Prohibition on Dressing:
Avoiding the Color Red: The color of joy, prohibited during mourning.
No Luxury Accessories: It is forbidden to wear luxury jewelry to honor the deceased.
In Chinese funeral ceremonies, various tools and materials are used to honor the spirit of the deceased and ensure the well-being of family members.
1. Burial equipment:
Coffin: Symbolizes respect, made of wood with certain decorations. Prayer table (Altar): A place to leave food and offerings for the spirit of the deceased. Paper money and paper goods: Burn to meet the needs of the soul in the afterlife. Incense and candles: Help the soul on its journey to the afterlife. Mourning clothes: Family members wear white or rough clothes for mourning. 2. Equipment after burial:
Ancestor altar: Installed in the house to pray for the spirit of the deceased. Food and drink deals: Offered on certain days, such as the Qingming Festival. Benzoin & Incense Paper: Burn to glorify the soul forever. 3. Day 7 (Day of Spirit Return):
Mirrors & Oil Lamps: Mirrors protect against evil spirits, oil lamps guide the spirit of the deceased. Paper lantern: A symbol that guides the soul to the afterlife. 4. Funeral pilgrimage equipment:
Cleaning tool: Used to clean the tomb of the deceased. Candles, incense and offerings: Taken to the grave as a sign of respect for the spirit of the deceased.
Reference Source
Bahan Bacaan:
Dong Qiang (2016). Chinese Folklore Cultural Series. Funeral. Australia. Time AACP Publication.
James L. Watson, Evelyn S. Rawski (1988), Death Ritual in Late Imperial and Moden China. University of California Press.
Zuraiha Binti Mohd Zain Noraini Binti Sulaiman Siti Aishah Binti Othman. (2021). Adat Resam Masyarakat Malaysia. Politeknik Tuanku Sultanah Bahiyah.
https://upk.ptsb.edu.my/penerbitan/Adat_Resam_Masyarakat_Malaysia.pdf
Tokoh (jika ada temu bual tokoh) - Tiada -
Location
State JKKN Contact Information
Ahmad Zaimy bin Mohd Yusoff
Cultural Officer
Jabatan Kebudayaan dan Kesenian Negara, Selangor
Tingkat 6, Menara Korporat,
Kompleks IDCC Shah Alam
Jalan Pahat L 15/L, Seksyen 15
40200 Shah Alam,
SELANGOR DARUL EHSAN
03-5543 1654 /1763
