KOMPANG PERAK

umpulan Sewang Ulu Geroh, Kampung Ulu Geroh Gopeng, Perak

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Introduction and history

The Kompang is a percussion instrument categorized as a membranophone, specifically a single-headed drum. It is believed to have originated from the Middle East, as evidenced by the Arabic lyrics often sung during its performance, which serve to deliver praises and salutations to the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).


The history of the Kompang in the Malay Peninsula is believed to date back to the 14th century during the Malacca Sultanate era. It was introduced by Indian Muslim traders as a form of entertainment and a signal marking the arrival of their ships in the Straits of Malacca. The Kompang was then performed as a gift and a special presentation to the Sultan, symbolizing their presence in Malacca at the time. Another historical account suggests that Kompang music was brought by communities from Java who sailed to Johor in the 13th century. From there, it spread throughout the Malay Archipelago, including Perak, where it became a performance art presented to the Sultan. Over time, the Kompang tradition was taught to palace officials and eventually introduced to the general public.
In the state of Perak, Kompang performances play a vital role as part of the state's intangible cultural heritage. It is actively performed at events such as weddings, processions, and religious ceremonies. The instrument holds particular significance in districts such as Kuala Kangsar and Bagan Datoh, where many Kompang players come from, having inherited the tradition from their ancestors.
Efforts to preserve Kompang performances in Perak remain robust, driven by cultural associations and educational institutions committed to keeping this traditional art form relevant in the face of modernization. Recognized as intangible heritage under the National Heritage Act (2005), Perak's Kompang serves as a living testament to the richness of Malay tradition and artistic heritage that continues to be celebrated in the state.

Functions and Roles

In the past, Arab traders used the Kompang to attract customers by producing rhythms and beats through its striking. It also served as a medium to recite praises and salutations (selawat) to the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), making it an instrument deeply associated with religious values.

In modern times, the role of the Kompang has expanded to be used in various events to enliven the atmosphere. Kompang music is often performed to accompany solo or group singing, such as nasyid and marhaban, especially during traditional and religious ceremonies. Events like wedding processions, Quran recitations, and official ceremonies involving dignitaries are frequently enhanced by the rhythmic beats of the Kompang. This highlights its role not only as an element of entertainment but also as a symbol of respect and the beauty of Malay traditions.

Furthermore, the Kompang plays a significant role in strengthening cultural identity and fostering community unity. Its rhythm creates a cheerful and harmonious ambiance, making it an essential element in various celebrations and social gatherings. Beyond entertainment, the Kompang is also utilized as a tool to educate and impart traditional and religious values to the younger generation.


Traditional Attire/ Accessories

This performing art does not have any specific attire or costume associated with its performance. However, during formal events, male Kompang Perak players typically wear traditional Baju Melayu with a Samping (waist cloth) and accessorized with either a songkok or a Tanjak. Female Kompang players, on the other hand, usually wear Baju Kurung in matching colour tones.

Equipment/ Ingredients

The making of a kompang involves several crucial steps to ensure the instrument produces high-quality sound and provides comfort for its players. The process begins with selecting an appropriate kompang size based on the player’s age. The sizes vary according to age groups: 30 cm for players aged 12 and below, 32.5 cm for ages 13 to 14, 35 cm for ages 15 to 16, and 37.5 cm to 40 cm for adults. This selection is important to ensure player comfort and produce quality beats.

The basic structure of the kompang consists of the baluh, a round frame made from durable hardwood such as Cengal, Halban, or jackfruit tree, with a drumhead made of female goat skin. The drumhead is affixed to the baluh using adhesive and secured with nails to maintain tension. To adjust the tension of the drumhead, a process known as sedak is applied. Sedak involves the use of small rattan strips or wires placed between the drumhead and the baluh. The primary function of the sedak is to ensure the drumhead is sufficiently taut, enabling the kompang to produce clear and pleasing sounds when struck.



The design of the kompang also plays an important role in its usability. A kompang typically measures 16 inches in circumference, with a shallow opening on the baluh (frame) to facilitate easy handling by the player. With meticulous craftsmanship applied to every part of the kompang, this musical instrument not only functions effectively but also reflects the traditional craftsmanship passed down through generations. This process ensures that the kompang continues to be used in various cultural and religious events while preserving its aesthetic value and sound quality.

Method / Preparation Method / Presentation Method


Figures and Achievements


Reference Source

Bahan Bacaan

Abdul Wahab, F. A. (2017). Kompang The Malay Drums. UiTM Press Sdn. Bhd.

Ahmad Hakimi Khairuddin, & Zahir Ahmad. (2006). Perkembangan Persembahan Hadrah Di Tiga Tempat: Pelestarian dan Pembangunan Warisan Seni Budaya Melayu. Akademi Pengajian Melayu, Universiti Malaya.

Erwan Sulaiman. (2011). Kompang. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

Ketut Wisnawa. (2020). Seni Musik Tradisi Nusantara. Nilacakra.

Matusky, P. A., & Tan, S. B. (2017). Muzik Malaysia: Tradisi, Klasik, Rakyat Dan Sinkretik. Penerbit Universiti Malaya.

Md Jais Ismail, Loo Fung Chiat, & Mohd Sham Kamis. (2019). Koordinasi Menyanyi Sambil Bermain Kompang Kanak-Kanak Menggunakan Pendekatan Euritmik. Jurnal Penyelidikan Sains Sosial (JOSSR),  2, 19 - 31.

Mohd Hassan Abdullah. (2004). Idiosyncratic Aspects of Malaysian Music: The Roles of the Kompang in Malay Society. Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Malaysia.


Mohd Hassan Abdullah. (2005). Kompang: An organological and ethnomusicological study of a malay frame drum. International Centre for Music Studies, The University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.


Encik Ngah Sidin bin Hamzah, Kumpulan Sewang Ulu Geroh , Kampung Ulu Geroh Gopeng, Perak.

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Informant/Figure/Editor/Researcher
  • En. Ngah Sidin bin Hamzah
  • umpulan Sewang Ulu Geroh, Kampung Ulu Geroh Gopeng, Perak
  • +6017-5598012
  • -
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State JKKN Contact Information

Encik Yufazli Yusof

Cultural Officer

Jabatan Kebudayaan dan Kesenian Negara Perak
Kompleks JKKN Perak, Lot 20561@20565 Jalan Caldwell, Off Jalan Raja Di Hilir, 30350 Ipoh, PERAK DARUL RIDZUAN

05-253 7001 / 05-254 1027

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