DENDANG SITI FATIMAH

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Introduction and history

Dendang Siti Fatimah is a traditional poetry rich with Islamic and humanitarian values. This lyrical art is especially popular in Perak, particularly during the Berendoi (cradle ceremony) or cukur jambul (newborn blessing ceremony).


Rooted in Arab traditions, this poetry is believed to have originated during the time of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), sung by nine maidens to lull his children to sleep. The poetry was later passed down to Saiyidatina Fatimah Az-Zahra, who sang it to her sons, Saidina Hassan and Saidina Hussain, to soothe them to sleep. Since then, the poem has been known as Dendang Siti Fatimah, symbolizing a mother's love and tenderness.
The original lyrics, composed in Arabic, include praises for the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and touch on a mother’s life journey—from pregnancy and the struggles of childbirth to the sacrifices made in raising children. The poetry also imparts profound advice, reminding children of the importance of honouring their parents and upholding values of love and gratitude.
In the Nusantara region, Dendang Siti Fatimah has undergone cultural assimilation, with its lyrics translated into Malay and adapted to local traditions. Despite these adaptations, it has retained its core beauty and moral messages, becoming an enduring piece of artistic heritage. Today, Dendang Siti Fatimah is not merely a poem but a cultural treasure connecting the present generation with Perak's traditional and religious values.

Functions and Roles

Dendang Siti Fatimah plays a significant role in Malay traditions, particularly in accompanying various meaningful cultural ceremonies. One of its primary functions is as a musical accompaniment during the Cukur Jambul (newborn blessing ceremony), where the poem enhances the spiritual and thankful atmosphere as families celebrate the birth of a baby. With lyrics filled with love and prayers, the poem symbolizes hope and blessings for the newborn's well-being.

Additionally, Dendang Siti Fatimah is often associated with the naik buai (cradle ceremony), a tradition that marks the baby’s transition to using a cradle, symbolizing the early journey of life. During this ceremony, the poetry conveys messages of advice, well-being, and parental love for their children. Its melodic recitation creates a serene atmosphere, reminding family members of the profound responsibility of nurturing and educating children.

The poem is also occasionally sung during the malam berinai (henna night) ceremony to express gratitude and honour for a child about to leave their family upon marriage. In this setting, Dendang Siti Fatimah becomes a heartfelt symbol of love, bridging tradition and emotion between parents and their child.


Traditional Attire/ Accessories

This performance does not involve any specific costumes or attire. However, during formal events, the reciters of Dendang Siti Fatimah typically wear uniform attire, such as Baju Kurung or long robes (jubah), in matching tones. This choice of clothing reflects a sense of harmony and respect, complementing the solemn and meaningful nature of the ceremony.


Equipment/ Ingredients

Dendang Siti Fatimah does not involve the use of musical instruments. Instead, the poem is performed collectively, led by a chief reciter (ketua penyair). The chief reciter’s delivery style determines the rhythm and duration of the performance. Additionally, the recitation of Selawat (blessings upon the Prophet Muhammad, PBUH) is often included and chanted in unison.

Below are the lyrics of the Dendang Siti Fatimah poetry:

Opening Verse:


Zaman-zaman ya Rasulullah,

Zaman Nabi tanah Mekah,

Wafat Nabi di Madinah,

Meninggalkan anak Siti Fatimah.


Poetry

Alib

Bismillah itu mula pertama

Keadaan zat bersama-sama

Dizahirkan sifat tentukan asma

Qidam dan baqa sedialah lama.


Asal daripada Nabi Allah

Asal nawahi Nur Khatam

Dipecah empat akhir qidam

Dipecahnya itu sekalian alam


Rahim bapamu turun ibumu

Empat puluh hari Nadqah namamu

Lapan puluh hari Nadqah namamu

Seratus dua puluh hari Madqah namamu.


Dikandung ibumu sembilan bulan

Lebih dan kurang tiada ditentukan

Beberapa azab kesakitan

Dipantang pula minum dan makan.


Apabila ibumu perutnya sarat

Hendak berjalan tiadalah larat

Hatinya itu terlalu gelorat

Bapamu pantang terlalu berat.


Bapamu itu kerasnya pantang

Siang dan malam pagi dan petang

Tiada berani membunuh binatang

Takut akhirnya cederanya datang.

Hassan Hussin anak cucu Rasulullah

Mati Hassan tinggal Hussin

Mati perang Sabilillah.


Apabila sudah cukupnya hari

Sakitlah ibumu tiada terperi

Bapamu pun turun berlari-lari

Memanggil bidan bawa ke mari.


Bidan pun datang tiadalah lambat

Serta membawa kelengkapan ubat

Dilihatnya penuh saudara sahabat

Bidan pun naik bertempuh rapat.


Sakit ibumu tiada terkira

Berhimpunlah sanak saudara

Sangatlah ramai tiada terkira

Sekeliannya itu duduk berjaga.


Perutnya sakit bagai nak pecah

Bukannya kurang makin bertambah

Dipanggil bapamu disuruhnya langkah

Dipintanya ampun barang yang salah.


Method / Preparation Method / Presentation Method

Dendang Siti Fatimah is typically performed by a group of women acting as reciters (penyair). The performance is led by a chief reciter (ketua penyair), who initiates the chant, followed by responses from the other reciters. The women sit in a row or form a circle, positioned either facing or beside the baby’s cradle.

The chief reciter often sits near the cradle to ensure the soothing chants are directed toward the baby, creating a calming and loving atmosphere. The harmonious voices of the group add a profound spiritual dimension, reflecting a sense of unity as the women come together to celebrate the occasion with heartfelt devotion and care.


Figures and Achievements

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Reference Source

Bahan Bacaan

Hanafiah, A. R. A. (2002). Communication In Malay Tradition. Dalam academia. edu. Diakses pada, 15 Disember 2024


Siswanto, E. (2012). Kajian Semiotika Budaya terhadap Syair Dendang Siti Fatimah pada Upacara Mengayun Anak Masyarakat Melayu Tanjung Pura (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Sumatera Utara).

Location

Informant/Figure/Editor/Researcher

State JKKN Contact Information

Encik Yufazli Yusof

Cultural Officer

Jabatan Kebudayaan dan Kesenian Negara Perak
Kompleks JKKN Perak, Lot 20561@20565 Jalan Caldwell, Off Jalan Raja Di Hilir, 30350 Ipoh, PERAK DARUL RIDZUAN

05-253 7001 / 05-254 1027

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Use the form below to contact the Informant/Figure/Editor/Researcher directly. We will respond to your inquiry as soon as possible!