ARTS AND CULTURE INFORMATION GATEWAY
Immerse yourself in the colorful world of art and culture! From traditional heritage to contemporary works, discover uniqueness that reflects the nation's identity and identity
MUZIK PERGENDANGAN REBANA KERAS
Persatuan Rebana Keras Klebang Besar, Melaka
No.34, Jalan GP 16,
Taman Gadong Perdana,
75200 Melaka
Picture
14
Video
Available
Today's Visitor
3
Number of Visitors
80
Introduction and history
Rebana Keras is one of the traditional arts of Malacca, brought by Persian Arab traders who traded in the Malay peninsula during the Malacca Malay Sultanate. They conducted business at daytime and entertained at night, drumming the rabbana. The rabbana is a little flat drum struck with a thin cane drum stick.
Rabbana drumming is also believed to have been played in Sultan Mahmud's wedding ceremony. An Arab merchant, upon receiving news about the Sultan Mahmud’s marriage to a Princess from China, planned to liven up the event with rabbana. Having the palace approval, the merchant and his friends held a celebration of the bridal procession, drumming the rabbana, which attracted the locals’ interest. As a result, the rabbana gained popularity (Rahmat Arshat, 2012).
The locals eventually changed the term rabbana to rebana keras, as the sung song and the rabbana beats are of harsh tones (Rahmat Arshat, 2012).
For the unversed, rebana is a traditional Malay membranophone drumming instrument. Looking like a tambourine, its round frame is made of wood, and one side of the face is covered with cow or goat hide. Being heavy and requiring thumping with the palm of the hand for loud sounds, rebana keras is therefore drummed only by men rather than women. Usually played by 12 to 15 drummers, it contains dikir puji-pujian (praising rhymes) of which some modified to the needs of the occasion.
Rebana Keras is played at weddings, circumcision, celebrations and official ceremonies of the Melaka State Government (Rahmat Arshad, 2012).
Rebana keras drummers wear baju Melayu, tanjak, kain samping and capal (slippers), depicting a Malacca warrior.
To play, one needs a rebana. Rebana Keras music has four types of strokes: low tone beat, pinning, rising and lively.
There are two zikir in the arts of rebana keras, which are the Daytime Zikir and Night Zikir.
Night Zikir
REPLY
Allah - Allah - Allah Hai Allah Rabbunallah
Allah - Allah hai A - hai Allah - Allah A hai Allah - Allah
Hai - Allah Hasbunallah
Allah - Allah aiwa - aiwa an-nabiyun
Allah - Allah hawa - gha shabiyun
Allah - Allah ai kum - ai kumra asiyun
Allah - Allah amsam amsyum arabiyun
(twice)
HADITH
Ya halalun Allah - Allah unya unya haramun
Allah - Allah unya - unya Muhammad
Allah - Allah unya - unya Rasulun
Allah - Allah unya - unya Ima Ainun
Allah - Allah unya - unya Husanun
Allah - Allah unya - unya Mumajat
Allah - Allah unya - unya Rasuni
REPLY
Allah - Allah wa hurabi ya - ma - ya maulai
Ya Allah wa gha ha - wa gha ha a - hai Allah
Allah - Allah gha hu a asibihi ya sizi
Ya Allah wa gha ha a - hai nabi - nabi habibi Muhammad.
Ya Allah wa gha ha - wa gha ha nabi - nabi Muhammad -
Muhammad rasuli
HADITH
Madun rasulon - rasulon. Ya Allah wa gha ha
Husanun Husanon Jamalon - Jamalun. Ya Allah wa gha ha
A - Hai sidakum hujalon biyalon
Ya Allah wa gha ha A - hai rukhi bidakum - bidakum
REPLY
Allah - Allah hu - A - Hu - A Allah - Allah - Allah ya hua -
Hu - A Allah ya Allah wa gha ha - wa gha ha A - hai
Allah - Allah - Allah ya hua - hu - A Allah -
Allah ya hu - A Allah
Ya Allah wa gha ha A - Hai Allah - Allah - Allah
Ya hu - A - Hu - A Allah - Allah ya hu A - hu - A
Allah. Ya Allah wa gha ha A - hai hawa - hawa
Hawa hidu unwa jamilah
(twice)
HADITH
Alal - alal haqiqi tamanah. Ya Allah wa gha ha
A - hai nahanu wasya audah uyundin. Ya Allah
Wa gha ha a - hai mahabal - mahabal alima
Aj nun wala aila. Ya allah wa gha ha a - hai
Qadju qadju bill alla junudih
(once)
______________________________________
REPLY
Sa lah awrabi mada - mada mad a - hai
Ya Allah wa gha ha a hai bikum - bikum -bikum
Uya ummi wala aila. Ya Allah wa gha ha a - hai
Alal - alal - alal syafi ghifi qiyama
Ya Allah waghaha - ahai hawil kara anwa fayil ila
(twice)
HADITH
Alhamdulillah - alhamdulillah. Ya Allah wa gha ha a - hai
Lazi atani - atani. Ya Allah wa gha ha a - hai
Hazal ghulamun - ghulamun. Ya Allah wa gha ha
Yibun aradami - arudani
(once)
REPLY
Allah hai - a hai allah - allah hai Rabbuna
Allah hai - a hai Allah - Allah hai Hasbuna
Allah hai - a hai Allah - Allah husidana
Allah hai - wa an - nabi - mahabudana
(twice)
HADITH
Allah hai - a hai antoli - lahu wa ghali
Allah hai - a hai antali - wani’mal wa ghali
Allah hai - a hai Allah anabdullah duli
Allah wa fiz mihawa yadul jala
(once)
______________________________________
REPLY
Allah ya zul jala liwal ikram (twice)
Allah mitna - mitna ‘ala jidih Islam (twice)
(twice)
HADITH
Allah nazar irnani - Allah hazar bila (twice)
Allah bil af ubih mitul kaya Allah (twice)
(once)
REPLY
Salarabbuna wah ya mulai (twice)
Allah alal muhammad - muhammad syafinul alam
Allah hai ka badri qama uah ya mulai (twice)
Allah hai untojola - tojala alaihi salam
(twice)
HADITH
Urkumfi dajal Allah ya amulai (twice)
Allah urkum yafani - yafani asyhrifani ma’ah
Allah katasy ri kama Allah ya amulai (twice)
Allah hai rabba yuhani - yuhani masyril walam
(once)
_____________________________________
REPLY
La ilaha illallah (twice)
Allah hai Muhammad Rasullullah
Allah Muhammad ya habibullah
(twice)
HADITH
Hazama min’a - hazama bila (twice)
Allah hai bil afrubitu kaya Allah (twice)
(once)
Daytime Zikir
Laila, Allah ga ha he, illah Allah
Allah ga ha allah aillah
Aillah ga ha he illah Allah
Allah ga ha, ha Allah, aillah ha hai
Aillahga ha he, illah, Allah ga ha he
He illah ha hai Allah, Allah hai ha
Hai ha Allah, gai ho ha aga Allah hai
Allah ga ha allah ai mu, ai Muhammad Rasul hai rasul
Allah ga ha, allah ai mu, ai Muhammad
Hal ha be, ha be bo Allah
Allah hai he sharin rabee
Rabee elehe elka
Allah gaha, allah hai ba, hai ba gaha
Ga ha mu rabee, hai rabee ilee eleka
Allah ga ha allah ai pa
Hai pa ga haya olba, olba ga ha za
Allah olba aga adewrun, Allah hai Allah
Ga lehoha aga allah hai
Allah ga ha Allah haibe, haibesa aga
Ha kal, ha kal, agal hee ma, he ma he aneyu Allah
Hai ha allah, allah hai maulana
La na allah anera allah (twice)
Hai an ta ga robba, robba allah haraje
Ha wa, hai ha allah ha allah
Hai malema ga ha bo bena, hai ha shek irni
Irni keya allah ga ha mulai
Allah hai antaga roppa, roppa allah ha
Raje miin hawa, hai ha allah hai yha allah
Allah ga ha, ha allah hai ha
Hai allah agal allah
Hai allah kol gol he ho ha allah
Hai allah ha ta’alai
Allah waga ha, ha hai allah
Hai allah sewa, sewa raja
Allah ha hai, ha hai sewa, sewa umpun
Undewa ga lera gahama
The figure of Malacca rebana keras is Ahmad Yusof bin Rahmat. He is the Chairman of Melaka Besar Klebang Rebana Association. He learned to play rebana from his father, who inherited it from his grandfather. Ahmad’s deep interest in rebana keras encouraged him establish the Rebana Keras Klebang Besar Melaka Organisation. He was also appointed Melaka State Cultural Arts Trainer, an opportunity for him to be more active in promoting this heritage in Melaka.
Reference Source
i.
Bahan
Bacaan
Rahmat Arshat. (2012). Persatuan Rebana Keras Klebang
Besar, Melaka. Buletin Warisan Budaya Melaka, 3.
ii.
Tokoh (jika
ada temu bual tokoh):
Ahmad Yusof bin Rahmat. (2023). Persatuan Rebana
Keras Klebang Besar, Melaka. Temubual pada 20 September 2023.
Location
State JKKN Contact Information
Nur Al-Farani binti Rosli
Cultural Officer
Jabatan Kebudayaan dan Kesenian Negara, Melaka
Kompleks JKKN Melaka
Hang Tuah Jaya, Lebuh Ayer Keroh,
75450 MELAKA
06 - 763 6308
