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Bangsawan theatre involves various props and materials to create elaborate and engaging stage settings, including backdrops, traditional costumes, and musical instruments.

A Bangsawan performance includes several unique elements that distinguish it from other forms of theatre. It integrates acting, dancing, music, and visuals into a cohesive production. The structure of a Bangsawan performance is visually represented through the director's creative decisions, which often differ from other theatre performances. Bangsawan is considered a transitional theatre, bridging traditional and modern forms.

In the early days of Bangsawan, performances began with a ritual called buka panggung (opening ceremony), led by a shaman who recited incantations to the four corners of the earth and the seven heavens. This ceremony reflected the spiritual roots of Bangsawan, which originated in India. Materials used in the buka panggung ritual included:

• 7-colored glutinous rice

• 7 betel leaves with areca nuts

• 7 tobacco rolls

• 7 candles and threads

• 1 bowl of cool water

• Puffed rice

• 7 bowls of colored porridge

Following this, Bangsawan performances evolved to include an opening song that became the troupe’s signature. The structure of the performance typically includes:

1. Gurindam: A poetic synopsis of the story.

2. Opening Song: Marks the start of the performance as the curtain opens.

3. Main Performance: Includes multiple scenes featuring drama, romance, action (e.g., silat), and humor to complete the storyline, usually led by the hero and heroine.

4. Extra Turn: Acts as an intermission between scenes, allowing time for set and costume changes. This includes comedic sketches, dances, or musical interludes.

5. Closing Song: Serves as a gesture of gratitude to the audience.

Traditional elements are central to Bangsawan. The storylines often involve adventure, challenges, and the protagonist overcoming obstacles posed by antagonists such as noble villains, spirits, or mythical creatures. The incorporation of humor, poetic language, and stylized acting are hallmarks of this art form.

Over time, Bangsawan adapted by incorporating Middle Eastern, Indian, and Chinese tales, as well as fantasy stories, to cater to audience preferences. It also included Western theatrical elements, such as special effects, moving sets, and advanced stage technologies.

Improvisation is a vital feature of Bangsawan. Actors adapt their actions, dialogues, and scenes based on audience response. For example, silat, pantun (poetry), and comedic exchanges might be extended if the audience is highly engaged.

Abdul Rahman bin Abu Bakar, better known as Rahman B., was born on May 18, 1935, in Kapar, Klang. He began acting at the age of 8 with the Diamond Star Opera troupe, following in the footsteps of his parents, who were Bangsawan performers—Abu Bakar Saleh (Bakar M) and Kasminah Taib (Minah B).

Rahman married Bangsawan actress Zabedah Ibrahim at 18 and became a director at 22, known for his ability to memorize and adapt scripts. Despite the decline of Bangsawan in the 1950s due to the rise of films, Rahman continued performing and directing Bangsawan. He later joined the Bangsawan Bintang Timur troupe and contributed to over 200 productions.

Rahman’s contributions earned him the National Artist Award in 2004. His work preserved Bangsawan as a vital part of Malaysia’s cultural heritage.