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Introduction and history

According to Malay customs, when a wife reaches her seventh month of pregnancy, a traditional ceremonial bath known as mandi tian or kirim perut is performed by the Tok Bidan (traditional midwife). This ritual, which is not obligatory in Islam, is believed to protect a woman experiencing her first pregnancy.


Functions and Roles

Mandi Tian is one of the significant traditional customs in the state of Kedah, performed during various occasions such as weddings, childbirth, or other special ceremonies for symbolic purification and blessings. The primary purpose of Mandi Tian is to cleanse both body and spirit, remove impurities or disturbances in a person's life, and provide blessings and well-being.


In the Kedah community, Mandi Tian involves meaningful rituals. The water used is mixed with ingredients like flowers, herbs, and spices, believed to possess healing and purifying properties. This process is typically conducted by a Tok Bidan or a respected individual in the community to ensure the ritual is performed perfectly.


Traditional Attire/ Accessories

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Equipment/ Ingredients

The essential items are as follows:


Water infused with selusuh (herbal remedy) and lime;

Seven engraved copper jugs filled with water;

Woven coconut leaves shaped like animals placed beside the jugs;

A well-shaped coconut with its husk removed and shell polished;

Seven threads tied alternately to form a waistband, along with popped rice, turmeric, cekur jerangau (aromatic ginger), and seven rings tied around the mother's waist for seven days;

Seven pieces of cloth (preferably in seven different colors);

Rice;

Resin;

Betel leaves and nuts;

Token money amounting to RM1.25 placed in a tepak sirih (betel leaf container);

Sintuk (a type of herb); and

Raw eggs.


Method / Preparation Method / Presentation Method

The Tok Bidan spreads the seven cloths horizontally on a mattress, aligning them with the length of the pregnant mother's spine. The mother is laid on the cloths and massaged with oil by the Tok Bidan. Then, a coconut is rolled gently over the mother’s abdomen from top to bottom seven times.


On the seventh roll, the coconut is allowed to roll off the mother's abdomen. The Tok Bidan observes the position of the coconut’s “eyes” when it stops rolling. It is believed that if the “eyes” face upward, the child will be a boy; if downward, the child will be a girl.


Holding the coconut with one hand, the Tok Bidan turns the mother over, pulling each layer of cloth beneath her until all are removed. These cloths, along with the coconut, resin, betel leaves, and token money, are taken by the Tok Bidan.


The mother is then bathed with sintuk, surrounded by the Tok Bidan and seven other women. An egg is placed inside the mother’s garment, allowed to fall, and then crushed underfoot. Afterward, the mother dresses in fine clothing for a celebratory feast.


The traditional feast includes turmeric rice, chicken curry, and roasted chicken. It is believed that while cooking turmeric rice, the taste (saltiness or blandness) must not be checked. A plate of turmeric rice is given to the Tok Bidan, while the rest is served to guests.


Figures and Achievements

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Reference Source

Bahan Bacaan

Intisari kebudayaan Melayu Kedah. (1986). Malaysia: Dikumpul dan diterbitkan oleh Majlis Kebudayaan Negeri Kedah.

A. Z. S. A. S. (2016). Sejarah Kedah dua millenia. Malaysia: UUM Press.


Location

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State JKKN Contact Information

Encik Mohammad Salleh bin Mahmud

Cultural Officer

Jabatan Kebudayaan dan Kesenian Negara, Kedah
Kompleks JKKN Kedah Lot PTD 400, Pumpong 05250 Alor Setar KEDAH DARUL AMAN

011-10899646

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