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ADAT PERPATIH NEGERI SEMBILAN
No 33 Persiaran Perpaduan 3, Taman Perpaduan, 31150, Perak Darul RidzuanPicture
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Introduction and history
The Minangkabau community who inherited this custom fully believe that Datuk Perpatih Nan Sabatang, also known as Cati Bilang Pandai and advisor to Sri Maharajo Dirajo, the first ruler of Minangkabau, has created a matriliny system through the personality of the Mother. The term Adat Perpatih only started since the arrival of Islam in the 15th century, along with the existence of this custom in the regions that later formed the combination of Negeri Sembilan in the 18th century.
Perpatih Customs in Negeri Sembilan
In the 15th century the east coast of Sumatra in Indonesia was part of the Minangkabau region under the rule of the Malacca Sultanate in Malaya. Therefore, the arrival of the Minangkabau community to Malaya is a common practice. They brought in this custom which was accepted and began to develop especially in the areas of Paya Kumbuh, Batu Hampar, Tanah Datar and Seri Lemak.
The Perpatih custom in Negeri Sembilan and Naning is a combination of this custom that is practiced in Minangkabau with the custom of the local population and is based on Islamic law. Therefore, there is a difference in these traditional elements in those regions with those in Minangkabau which contain elements of wandering, trading or migration.
The Biduanda tribe is the main tribe of the 12 tribes in the Negeri Sembilan Perpatih Adat system, and can be found in any adat region or badger because this is practiced by the original population.
Adat Perpatih plays an important role in maintaining the unique social structure and culture in Negeri Sembilan. The following are the functions and roles of Perpatih Customs:
Matrilineal System: Practices a matrilineal system of descent, where inheritance and descent are passed down through the maternal line.
Selection of Leaders: Leaders such as Undang and Datuk Lembaga are appointed based on the consent of extended family members according to custom, ensuring that leadership is received fairly.
Strengthening Unity: Encouraging the spirit of mutual cooperation and cooperation in the community, strengthening social relations.
Protection of Women's Rights: Guarantee social and economic protection for women, especially in matters of inheritance rights.
Dispute Resolution: Providing problem solving methods based on discussion and negotiation in the community.
Preserving Culture: Ensuring the survival and preservation of customs and culture that have been passed down from generation to generation.
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The Perpatih Custom System in Negeri Sembilan is categorized into four parts, namely Adat Nan Sebenar Adat, Adat Nan Teradat, Adat Nan Diadakkan, and Adat Istiadat.
1. Adat Nan Sebenar Adat
This custom is enshrined in the religion created by God to regulate human life, and this custom cannot be negotiated. In Islam, the law is regulated in the Al-Quran and Hadith, regarding things that are prohibited ie haram & and permitted ie halal.
2. Adat Nan Teradat
This custom is a rule of law or custom that is created by itself. For example, the borrower who borrows something from another person, then the law requires the borrower to return the loan to the lender.
3.Adat Nan Diadatkan
These customs are norms and laws that become customary and then agreed upon in a consensus to be used as a reference in organizing community life in a region or country.
4.Adat Istiadat
This custom is a habit in a society and then becomes a norm that continues and develops. This custom has no law, but those who do not practice it are usually criticized. For example, it is common for younger people to kiss the hand of someone older than them. This means as a form of respect and politeness in the eastern society.
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Reference Source
Bahan Bacaan
Rosiswandy Bin Mohd. Salleh. (2024).Sejarah Pengamalan Adat Perpatih Di Negeri Sembilan. Jabatan Muzium Malaysia.
Norazit, Selat (1997) Adat : antara tradisi dan kemodenan / Norazit Selat. Meniti Zaman: Masyarakat Melayu antara tradisi dan moden. pp. 33-46.
Norazit, Selat (1982). Konsep Pusaka di dalam Adat Perpatih. Satu catatan ringkas. Purba, Journal Persatuan Muzium Malaysia.
Nordin Selat, 1976. Sistem Sosial Adat Perpatih. Kuala Lumpur: Utusan Publications & Distributors Sdn. Bhd.
Location
State JKKN Contact Information
Rosdianah binti Roman
Cultural Officer
Jabatan Kebudayaan dan Kesenian Negara, Negeri Sembilan
Kompleks JKKN Negeri Sembilan
Jalan Sungai Ujong
70200 Seremban
NEGERI SEMBILAN DARUL KHUSUS
06-767 6793/763 6308 / 761 0593
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