ARTS AND CULTURE INFORMATION GATEWAY
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ADAT RESAM DAN BUDAYA MASYARAKAT INDIA: KEMATIAN: SELEPAS KEMATIAN
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Introduction and history
Indian society believes in the concept of rebirth, where death is likened to sleep, and the soul will "wake up" afterwards. Indian scholars also explain that death is the separation between spirit and body. The body will be destroyed, while the spirit returns to the realm of barzakh. Dead bodies in Indian society are usually cremated or buried.
Here is the function and role of the concept of death in Indian society in brief:
Belief in Rebirth
Giving meaning to death as a transition, not an end.
Separation of Spirit and Body
Death is considered a process in which the spirit leaves the destroyed body, while the spirit returns to another realm.
Maintain Purity of Spirit
A cremation or burial ceremony is performed to help the spirit achieve peace and rebirth.
Fulfillment of Religious Responsibilities
Performing death rituals in accordance with religious teachings to ensure that the soul lives its journey in peace.
Strengthen Family and Community Bonds
Death rituals involve family and community members, strengthening relationships and social support.
The custom of bathing the corpse
It begins by placing the corpse in the living room, with the head facing south, and lighting an oil lamp. Coconuts split in half and betel nuts are placed near the corpse, while incense and camphor are burned as a symbol of peace for the soul of the deceased. This ceremony is performed by the men of the family, who bring odd amounts of water from natural sources such as rivers or wells, in addition to tap water. Women receive the water to bathe the corpse, which is usually done by the elders. The head of the corpse is smeared with oil and araippu as a final bath. After being bathed, the corpse is dressed in new clothes, such as a sari for women and a dhoti for men.
The ceremony of removing the thaali
It is done when a wife sits next to her husband's corpse and is sprinkled with a bucket of water while the corpse is being bathed. Later, flowers are placed around the widow's neck and transferred to the corpse. An old woman from the family holds the hand of the deceased while placing flowers on the widow's neck three times. Finally, the widow places the garland into the tray filled with oil, flowers, and milk, as if the husband is removing the thaali from her neck..
Cleaning House
The house needs to be cleaned as soon as the body is taken to the cremation ground. An oil lamp is lit in the former burial place. Family members are required to shower to clean themselves. Food from vegetables and fish is served. A bucket of water is placed in front of the house while an oil lamp is always lit. Family members need to touch the salt and holy dust then rub it on the forehead before entering the house. They also have to wash their feet using water in a bucket located in front of the house. The bearer of the clay pot is required to bathe in a pond or river to mark the end of the kollic catti ceremony.
Collecting Ashes
The ashes were collected the next day. Milk is first sprinkled on the ashes of the corpse to cool the embers. The ashes of the head and other parts of the body are put in separate pots. The ashes are either buried or put in a yellow cloth and released into the sea. The prayer ceremony is performed by family members of the deceased.
Mourning
Mourning period of eight or 16 days after death. After the eight-day mourning period, relatives and friends gather at the deceased's home with traditional dishes such as vegetables and fruits. A picture or portrait of the deceased is placed on a cupboard or wall and then garlanded with flowers. On the side of the picture, an oil lamp is lit along with various types of flowers. The prayer ceremony begins by asking God to protect the deceased. Sacred songs are also played. The guests are then served food. Mourning on the 16th day is called karumaati which is a day of prayer. A complete tent was erected, while the portrait of the deceased was beautifully decorated. Pedanda or Tok Sami is invited to conduct the prayer ceremony. The bricks are tied with thread and wrapped in red cloth to be put in the pot, then moistened with water, milk, young coconut water and rose water.
Kal niruttutal ceremony
This ceremony is performed three times starting at 11 pm. The second time at 12 midnight and the last time early the next morning. Sacred songs are played throughout this ceremony. The heralds make a replica of the coffin out of grass. With the accompaniment of mantras and prayers, the grass is burned to keep the soul of the deceased at peace. At the end of this ceremony, the marker is paid a wage in the form of money, vegetables and fruits.
Reference Source
Bahan Bacaan:
AnyFlip (2021). Kepelbagaian Adat Resam Dan Budaya Masyarakat Malaysia. https://anyflip.com/nqyhr/zzmg/bas
Hema. (2017). Adat Resam Dan Budaya Masyarakat Malaysia. https://adatresammasyarakatmalaysia.wordpress.com/2017/02/21/first-blog-post/
Zuraiha Binti Mohd Zain Noraini Binti Sulaiman Siti Aishah Binti Othman. (2021). Adat Resam Masyarakat Malaysia. Politeknik Tuanku Sultanah Bahiyah.
https://upk.ptsb.edu.my/penerbitan/Adat_Resam_Masyarakat_Malaysia.pdf
Tokoh (jika ada temu bual tokoh) - Tiada -
Location
State JKKN Contact Information
Ahmad Zaimy bin Mohd Yusoff
Cultural Officer
Jabatan Kebudayaan dan Kesenian Negara, Selangor
Tingkat 6, Menara Korporat,
Kompleks IDCC Shah Alam
Jalan Pahat L 15/L, Seksyen 15
40200 Shah Alam,
SELANGOR DARUL EHSAN
03-5543 1654 /1763