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Introduction and history

Marhaban is a form of Islamic art performance popular in Perak. The word ( بحرم) "Marhaba" is derived from the Arabic verb  ( بحر) "Rahaba", which means spacious or vast. It conveys the meaning of a greeting or expression of respect used to welcome someone during a meeting. Some also translate this term as "welcome."



Marhaban refers to a specific recitation derived from the fourth Rawi (chapter) in the Majmu’ah Maulud Sharaf al-Anam. It begins at the eighth stanza, particularly at the verse that mentions the birth of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), “He was born.” At this part, the performers and the audience stand together to sing what is known as Marhaban. The song, which remains popular to this day, is:

Thala'al Badru 'Alayna, Min Thaniyyatil Wada'
Wajabash Shukru 'Alayna, Ma Da'a Lillahi Daa'

The Malay community widely embraces this tradition. It symbolizes reverence and joy for the birth of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), making it an essential element in the recitation of the text.

Functions and Roles

Marhaban holds significant functions and roles as it is an Islamic tradition frequently practiced in various religious events, such as welcoming a newborn, weddings, Quran completion ceremonies, and the celebration of the Maulid Nabi Muhammad SAW (the Prophet’s birthday). This tradition serves as a way to draw closer to Allah SWT through the recitation of praises, salutations (salawat), and prayers.


In addition, Marhaban acts as a form of Islamic expression that reinforces religious values within the community. It serves as an effective medium for dakwah (Islamic preaching), often accompanied by delivering educational and spiritual messages that inspire and provide moral guidance to the audience. In this way, Marhaban is a form of worship and a medium for spiritual education, inspiring individuals to strive for self-improvement.


Moreover, Marhaban reflects cultural acculturation grounded in Islamic values, aligning it with shariah principles. From a spiritual perspective, Marhaban invites Muslims to feel a closer connection to Allah SWT and the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) through heartfelt prayers and praises. Specifically, during the Maulid Nabi celebration, Marhaban plays a pivotal role in expressing love for the Prophet by recounting his virtues, struggles, and noble characteristics.


Additionally, Marhaban is a form of religiously infused entertainment that adheres to Islamic values and is free from elements contrary to Shariah. Overall, Marhaban seamlessly integrates spiritual and cultural elements while functioning as a medium for Dakwah, education, and strengthening Islamic identity within the community.


Traditional Attire/ Accessories

This performance does not have specific attire or costumes traditionally associated with it. However, groups performing Marhaban often choose to wear coordinated outfits that correspond to the formality of the event. Wearing elegant attire serves as a symbolic gesture to celebrate the birth of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).


For women in Marhaban groups, they typically wear Baju Kurung or long jubah that fully adhere to modest dressing guidelines. For men they usually wear a complete Baju Melayu set paired with a songkok, showcasing the exclusive identity of Malay culture.


Equipment/ Ingredients

Traditionally, the art of Marhaban does not involve any musical accompaniment. Instead, the harmonious choral singing of the group forms the melodious rhythm of Marhaban. Among the melodies commonly used in Marhaban are Syira, Rakbi, Nahwan, Ras, Babri, Masri, Hajaka, and Haiya. The most popular song in the state of Perak, however, is Marhaban Ya Rabbi’.


Lyrics of Marhaban Ya Rabbi’


Marhaban Ya Rabi', 
Marhaban Syahrul Anwar,
Marhaban Ya Syafi', 
Bilrahmah Wal Anwar.


Inilah bulan dinanti-nanti ,
Oleh semua perindu nabi,
Ahlan Wa Sahlan dari kami,
Rabi'ul Awwal yang diberkati.


Rabi'ul Awwal bulan bertuah,
Lahirnya Nabi penuh berkah,
Diutuskan sebagai rahmah,
Menyampai risalah penuh hikmah.


Marhaban Ya Rabi', 
Marhaban Syahrul Anwar,
Marhaban Ya Syafi', 
Bilrahmah Wal Anwar.


Kedatangannya sudah pasti,
Kan menerangi alam ini,
Wajiblah kita mensyukuri,
Atas nikmat dari ilahi.


Marhaban Ya Rabi', 
Marhaban Syahrul Anwar,
Marhaban Ya Syafi', 
Bilrahmah Wal Anwar.

Method / Preparation Method / Presentation Method

Marhaban is performed in groups by either women or men. Each group presents it in a linear formation (two or three rows) similar to nasyid, delivering the performance with enthusiasm as a sign of respect for the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).


At the beginning of the performance, the group leader initiates with the recitation of Salawat or directly starts singing the Marhaban lyrics. The leader sings the stanza first as a solo, followed by the group members singing together in unison. In certain stanzas, the group members respond to the leader's solo singing with the harmonious exclamation of "Allah." The main stanza sung collectively by the group is in Arabic, for example:


Marhaban Ya Rabbi',

Marhaban Syahrul Anwar,

Marhaban Ya Syafi',

Bilrahmah Wal Anwar.


The singing pauses depending on the length of the lyrics and the type of Marhaban being performed. To conclude the performance, the group leader recites the phrase:


As-Solatu 'Alan Nabi, Was-Salamu 'Alar Rasul.

An-Nabiyyul Ummi, Bir-Ridha Wal Qabul.


Figures and Achievements

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Reference Source

Bahan Bacaan

Abd Rahman, R., Alias, H., Zakaria, M. H., & Razali, N. W. N. (2024). Development and Usability of the Arabic Language Module “Marhaban” Based on CEFR (A1 & A2 Levels). SIBAWAYH Arabic Language and Education, 5(2), 55-69.


Samat, A. B., Tibek, S. R., & Muhamat, R. (2014). Tahap Pengetahuan dan Minat Remaja Terhadap Seni Barzanji dan Marhaban: Kajian di Kalangan Pelajar SMKA Negeri Johor. Sains Humanika, 66(1).


Samat@Darawi, A. B., Tibek, S. R., Muhamat@Kawangit, R., & Hamzah, A. R. (2015). [History and Contribution of Barzanji and Marhaban Practices in The Main Councils of Society] Sejarah serta Sumbangan Amalan Barzanji dan Marhaban dalam Majlis-Majlis Utama Masyarakat. Jurnal Islam Dan Masyarakat Kontemporari, 9, 121-132. 


Samat@Darawi, A. B., Tibek, S. R., Muhamata@Kawangit, R., & Hamzah, A. R. (2015). Sejarah Serta Sumbangan Amalan Barzanji Dan Marhaban Dalam Majlis-Majlis Utama Masyarakat. Jurnal Islam Dan Masyarakat Kontemporari, 9, 157.

Location

Informant/Figure/Editor/Researcher
  • Dr. Monih Epin
  • Persatuan Kebudayaan Tatana Sabah, Peti Surat 71, Kg. Bundu Batu 4, 89747 Kuala Penyu, Sabah.
  • +6019-8106786
  • -
Get Directions

State JKKN Contact Information

Encik Yufazli Yusof

Cultural Officer

Jabatan Kebudayaan dan Kesenian Negara Perak
Kompleks JKKN Perak, Lot 20561@20565 Jalan Caldwell, Off Jalan Raja Di Hilir, 30350 Ipoh, PERAK DARUL RIDZUAN

05-253 7001 / 05-254 1027

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