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TARIAN HAMDOLOK
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Introduction and history
Hamdolok is a traditional performing art that integrates elements of theatre, dance, music, and singing, popular in Batu Pahat, Johor. It was founded around the 1930s by Pak Rahmat Wayang, inspired by the celebration of Maulidur Rasul (the Prophet Muhammad’s birthday) by the Bedouin community in Mecca, as recounted by Haji Osman Jahit.
Initially, Hamdolok was performed in conjunction with the Maulidur Rasul celebration on the 12th of Rabiulawal. Today, it is also featured at social gatherings and cultural events, serving as both an entertainment and educational medium while preserving the artistic and cultural heritage of the Johor Malay community.
Hamdolok dancers and musicians wear traditional Malay attire such as baju kurung and baju Melayu, complete with a tanjak (traditional headgear). Additional accessories may include scarves and head decorations, depending on the characters portrayed in the performance.
Hamdolok performances are accompanied by traditional musical instruments such as gendang (drums), rebana (frame drums), and gongs. These instruments play a vital role in supporting the qasidah and nasyid singing, as well as the zapin dance, which forms part of the performance.
Hamdolok combines singing, dancing, music, and acting. The performance begins with qasidah or nasyid singing, accompanied by the music of the gambus (lute) and gendang. Dancers then perform the zapin dance, with movements tailored to the storyline. Key characters in Hamdolok include Pak Syed (an elderly Arab man), Tok Penghulu (a humorous character), and Siti (a female character portrayed by a male performer).
Prominent figures in the promotion of Hamdolok include its founder, Pak Rahmat Wayang, and Haji Osman Jahit, who brought inspiration from Mecca. Their efforts solidified Hamdolok as a cultural identity in Johor. Today, the preservation of Hamdolok continues through individuals such as Dr. Rosdeen Suboh, who re-staged Hamdolok at the Experimental Theatre, University of Malaya, on 11 October 2023, with support from the Ministry of Tourism, Arts and Culture (MOTAC).
Reference Source
Bahan Bacaan
Wartawan MalaysiaGazette. (2023, 4 Oktober). Melestari seni dan estetika Hamdolok: Dari Mekah ke Batu Pahat. MalaysiaGazette. Dicapai pada 18 Disember 2024, daripada https://malaysiagazette.com/2023/10/04/melestari-seni-dan-estetika-hamdolok-dari-mekah-ke-batu-pahat/
Nadzi, N. I. I. (2023, 23 Jun). Tarian Hamdolok kian pupus. Utusan Malaysia. Dicapai pada 18 Disember 2024, daripada https://www.utusan.com.my/gaya/2023/06/tarian-hamdolok-kian-pupus/
Jabatan Kebudayaan dan Kesenian Negara. (2005). Siri Dokumentari: Hamdolok [DVD].
Ramlan, M., & Quayum, M. A. (2010). Mapping the History of Malaysian theatre: an interview with Ghulam-Sarwar Yousof. Asiatic: IIUM Journal of English Language and Literature, 4(2), 155-168.
Nanney, N. (2012). Malaysian theatre resources. Asian Theatre Journal, 402-418.
Hilarian, L. F. (2005). The structure and development of the gambus (Malay-lutes). The Galpin Society Journal, 58, 66-216.
Tokoh: Hajah Indok Chichuk Daing Hadadek (Temubual)
Location
State JKKN Contact Information
Puan Norazlina binti Othman
Cultural Officer
Jabatan Kebudayaan dan Kesenian Negara, Johor
Aras 6 Kiri, Wisma PERKESO
No 26, Jalan Susur 5
Off Jalan Tun Abdul Razak, Larkin
80200 Johor Bahru
JOHOR DARUL TAKZIM
07-224 8270 / 223 1249
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